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54.Humorism and Mark Twain, Americanism and Henry James, Middle stage.…
54.Humorism and Mark Twain, Americanism and Henry James
2.Historical background
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A. expand settled in new territories, bought Louisiana to the French, settle in Oregon and countries like Clorado, California or Nevada originally under Mexican control.Less than half a century, became one of the largest countries in the w.
-Slavery. -John C.Calhoun -Licoln won the presidential elections 1860-1861 11 states Confederate States of Am.-Am Civil War
Am. Industries grew, iron & coal prod.XX Roosevelt and Wilson pro-working class
3.Humour & frontier lit.
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Style: thirst of authentic Amer. after the Civil War.-little care for correctness, ilitterate dialect of the frontier.Humor & frontier themes.Mood,themes aand style diff. early and late forms.Poeple struggling with internal problems, gradual change in mood + sophisticated & witty.Allusion to sexuality or body parts non respectable Am-lit.
Many frontier tale was oral.Mark, Ward & others successful lecturers & performers and the ballads usually monologues set on paper.
4.Mark Twain
Samuel Langhorne Clemens 1835-1910 born in Florida (Miss), childhood & youth in Hannibal(west bank of Miss.) environment serve him inspiration for his novels.
Humor as a weapon, a reaction ag. the discrepancy bet Am expectations & disturbing reality.
1-wrote travel pieces, 2-became boat pilor, 3 joined the Confederate Army though he was not much convinced by its ideas. 4-Warm friend of the negro and their rights. 1863 met A.Ward, famous lecturer and storyteller, whose technique he adopted and write in East newspapers following his sugg.improving his writing notably.
Style: great ability to characterize, Strived to used words in a way he created memorable characters. A faithful account of natural speech.Highly realistic background.
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Adventures of Tom Sawyer. mischievous T.S.'orphan adventures.Like his friend Huck employs lying..Differences bet Huck and Tom.
Huckleberry Finn explores a wider segment of human experience. Huck, main character & narrator.Freindly & faithful to all the underdogs, sceptial & practical but not cynical. Decision to make.Basic wisdom and goodness of ordinary people.Hemingway, "school of many late Western writers"
T's easy, incisive, rich in comedy and satire, though his plots are often weak in structure, became one of the great styles of Am lit. & meanwhile express an optimistic faith in Am. democracy.
Later novels seem less optimistic & hopeful ab. democracy. His pessimism grew deeper.A Conneticut Yankee in King's Arthur's Court praises tech & the leadership of the Am. bosses during the Gilded Age. Mysterious Stranger, Twain sess human nature as a kind of machine.
After the Civil War, Europe was seen as a place to visit. 1.European art was considered superior to its Am. counterpart 2- writers could win some protection ag. piratical British publishers by arranging for 1 publ. on the UK, and someimes by stablish. there at the time of the publ.Erza Pound, Gertrude Stein or Edith Wharton miserable little snobs. class distinction. cosmopolitan in their origin.
6.H.JAMES
Fiction restricted o the novel of manners of wealthy and sophisticated people.Realistic & naturalistic style influenced by Flaubert and Turgenev. Psych. realism.No big events and excitinf actions. Pioneer in using psych. devices foreshadowing instruments as the stream of counciousness.
H J'S novels early, middle & mature stage.
Middle stage. Dramatic action almost disappear. The Wings of the Dove, The Ambassadors, The Golden Bown.Characters usually spend their time talking ab. the diff aspects and poss. of the sit they are in Drama comes from the changing of the viewpoint.
In the American, a middle aged men goes to Paris to rescue...
James never tried to give a detailed large picture of society. Single sit. or problem.Problems. nature of art, the unlived life like in the Beast in the Jungle.Introduction of children to the evil and immorality of the world around them. Turn of the Screw.
For James, being an A, was a great problem in his private and for his litersture- Although he lived most of his live abroad, the clash was the central theme of his fiction.
Through all his novels we see the conflict between the ideas of Am. their desire for money but he is a newspaperman who reports what he sees.
Early Stage: clash betwe. Amm Puritanism & Erupean tolerance.Roderick Hudson.Christopher Newman's failure of a young Am-artist in Italy who cannot get married to the woman he desires. :
Daisy Miller innocence defeated by the stiff, trad. values of Europe.
Portratit of a lady (masterpiece) young bright Am woman Isabel, her wife , Madame Merle, Gilbert Osmond, illegitimate daughter.Jame's shows the heroine inner concience in her quiet moments. The drama is created by the thooughts of hwr mind. Description marks 2nd period.
James 1843 son of writer, phil. and theology & brother pf one of the most well-known philosophers and pshych. educated berween Europe and America