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Cultural Variations in Attachment - Coggle Diagram
Cultural Variations in Attachment
the differences in how parents treat their children globally
studies have been collected from different countries/cultures to see whether forms and types of attachments are universal or culture bound
Van Ijzendoorn (1988)
aimed to investigate the proportion of secure, insecure-avoidant and insecure-resistant attachment
this was done across different countries and within the same countries to see variations within a culture too
did a meta-analysis
32 studies in 8 countries
uk, usa, china, japan, germany, israel, holland + sweden
1900 children
infants under the age of 2
studied individualist and collectivist cultures
Findings
insecure-avoidant: 21%
found most in israel, china and japan
insecure-resistant: 12%
most common in germany
least common in collectivist countries
secure attachment: 67%
proportion varied in different countries
e.g. 75% in uk and 50% in china
variations in the same country were 1.5x higher than between countries
Population validity
although there's a large sample, most of the studies (18) were in the us and only 1 in china
this reduces the extent that we can generalise these results to other countries and cultures
this reduces the population validity
Country rather than culture
Van says that he was comparing cultures, but it looks like countries are instead
there are subcultures within different cultures that would generate different results if they were tested
when japan was compared to the us, Van concluded that japan was more insecure-avoidant. that attachment type was only shown in rural areas of japan and not the big cities like tokyo