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Fluids - Coggle Diagram
Fluids
Density
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Basic Info
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Commonly used units are:
- Grams per milliliter (liquids)
- Kilograms per liter (gasses)
- Grams per cubic centimeter (solids)
"Density describes how closely packed together the particles are in a substance"
--Investigating Science and Technology 8
Examples
North Atlantic Ocean:
- Very cold (particles close together)
- Salt water
VSPanama Canal:
- Tropical, warm (particles farther apart)
- Brackish (fresh + salt)
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Buoyancy
Basic Info
You need to consider all factors/forces acting upon the object to know whether an object will sink or float.
An object will sink in a fluid when:
- The density of the object is > than the density of the fluid.
- The buoyant force on the object is < than the force of gravity on the object.
An object will rise in a fluid when:
- The density of the object is < than the density of the fluid
- The buoyant force on the object is > than the force of gravity on the object.
"Buoyancy is the tendency of an object in a fluid to rise or sink due to density differences with its surroundings."
-- Investigating Science and Technology 8
Archimedes' Principle
A Greek mathematician and inventor called Archimedes founded an important principle about buoyancy. The principle was named Archimedes' Principle.
Archimedes' Principle states that following:
- The buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
Example:
You have two pieces of aluminum foil and they are the same. If you grab one piece of aluminum foil and crumple it up tightly, it will sink in water. However, if you fold the second piece of aluminum foil into a boat shape, it will float. It will also support a certain amount of "cargo" such as pennies and paper clips. The piece of aluminum foil shaped like a boat will float even though both pieces have the same mass. This is because the aluminum foil boat takes up more volume and displaces more fluid. Therefore, the buoyant force acting upon the boat and its cargo is greater, so it floats.
Plimsoll Line
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TF = Tropical Fresh Water
F = Fresh Water
T = Tropical Seawater
S = Summer Temperate Seawater
W = Winter Temperate Seawater
WNA = Winter North Atlantic
"The Plimsoll Line shows how heavily a ship can be safely loaded in different water conditions."
-- Investigating Science and Technology 8
Pressure, Viscosity, and Flow Rate
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Viscosity
Basic Info
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The greater the viscosity, the lower the flow rate. The lower the viscosity, the higher the flow rate.
Flow Rate
Basic Info
"The flow rate of a fluid is a measure of the speed at which a fluid flows from one point to another."
-- Investigating Science and Technology 8
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Compression
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When something is incompressible, it means that they cannot be compressed easily.
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