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Fluids - Coggle Diagram
Fluids
Pressure and Compression
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When we have a fluid it will most likely move from a high area of pressure to an area of low pressure.
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When we have air the temperature can affect the pressure. When the temperature is increased, the particles are more spread out and the pressure increases at the same time.
Pressure is the amount of force that is applied to a certain space or surface. It covers a whole area.
If we have air trapped in a box or something of that sort and we do not let the air out, it can cause some issues. If the air pressure is too high and the volume of the box is not increasing, this can lead to an explosion because the volume of the box is not high enough to hold the pressure of the air.
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The air particles are forced into a smaller volume because of the force that is pressing against it.
Usually there isnt much compression in liquids because the particles are so close together compared to liquids and this means that it can't really be forced into a smaller volume than it already is.
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This is an example of a compressed object. Before the objects we're compressed they we're all separate. Now they are all compressed and they are all together in a smaller volume. These objects are compressible.
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Water is an example of an incompressible object. We cannot compress water if it has not been modified. There are certain times that water can be compressed but not very often.
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Buoyancy
Archimede's principle states that the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
Objects are more likely to flaot if teh surface area is more spread out. The reason for this is because this makes the object a lot less dense which allows it to float.
As we know, for gravity everything gets pushed down. For buoyancy, the force pushes everything up. Technically it is easier to float than sink because of the force.
Freshwater is a lot less dense than saltwater, so when a boat enters an area with fresh water it will be a lot lower than it was before because the boat will be a lot denser.
If the object is denser than the fluid it will sink, if it is less dense than the fluid, it will rise/float.
The same thing happens for cold water and warm water. When a boat enters an area of warm water it will be a lot lower than it was when it was in an area of cold water. This is because warm water is a lot less dense than cold water.
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The plimsoll line is sort of an indictaor for what is safe and what is not safe. It gives ships an inidication of where it would be dangerous to sail because of the density changes.
Buoyancy is the force of which we have an object and it is opposing to the force of the fluid it is on.
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Buoyant force is the force that pushes everything up inside of water. It is like gravity except it is for water.
Viscosity
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The greater the viscosity means the lower the flow rate, the lower the viscosity means the higher the flow rate
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Water is an example of a fluid with a very low viscosity. The reason for this is because the partciels in water are spread out and they are able to move freely which means that there isn't much resistance. However, the particles aren't spread out to the point of becoming a gas.
Honey is an example of a very viscous fluid. The reason for this is because the particles are a lot more compact in honey than in certain other fluids. This is what makes honey very resistant and thick.
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Density
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If the density of a substance is lower than the density of a fluid, that means that the substance will be able to float on top of the fluid.
An example of this is when a sponge is able to float on top of water. The reason for this is because a sponge is less dense than water so it is able to float.
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An example of this is a rock. Rocks will sink because it is a lot denser than water. Most rocks sink under water however there are some types of rocks that can float.
Most of the time a solid object is more dense because the particles are all close together and they do not move often. Water is an exception because cold water is very dense because the particles are a very compact but warm water is a lot less dense because the particles are a lot more spread out.
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Rocks are an example of very dense objects. The reason for this is because they are solid and they will sink underwater. Their particles are very close together because it is a solid.
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A sponge is an example of an object that is not dense at all. Sponges are solids but they are usually not denser than the fluid that you place it on top of. When you place a sponge on top of water it will most likely float and not sink because the water is more dense than the sponge.
Changes of state
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Changes of state is when matter transitions from one substance to another,
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