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Solis & Mineral Nutrition - Coggle Diagram
Solis & Mineral Nutrition
Essential Elements
Criteria for essentiality
The element must be necessary for complete, normal plant development through a full life cycle
The element itself must be necessary, and no substitute can be effective
The element must be acting within the plant, not outside it.
Hydroponic solution
The growing of plants in a water solution without the use of soli
Is an element required for normal growth and reproduction? Major ( macro) essential elements are needed in relatively large concentration; minor (micro trace) essential elements are needed only in low concentrations
Mineral deficiency diseases
Causes of deficiency diseases
Almost all types of soil contain at least a small amount of all essential elements, under natural conditions it is rare to encounter plants whose grown and development are seriously disrupted by scarcity or an excess of mineral elements
Desert soils often have excessive amounts of all available minerals because groundwater moves upward, carrying dissolved minerals with it. There can reach such strong concentrations that the water potential of the soil solution is extremely negative and roots are unable to extract water from it
Symptoms of deficiency diseases
Chlorosis
A common symptom of mineral deficiency, a yellowing of leaves due to lack of chlorophyll
Necrosis
The death of plant tissues
Potassium deficency
Causes leaf tips and margins to die
Manganese deficiency
Causes leaf tissue between veins to die even though all the veins remain alive and green
Mobile & immobile elements
Immobile elements
Element that can not be removed from mature tissues; if a plant becomes deficient in an immobile element, young tissues show symptoms even though older tissues may have extra
Mobile elements
An element that can be removed from mature tissues and transported to young or newly formed tissues
Soils & mineral availability
Cation exchange
In soil, the release of an essential element cation from a soil particle and replaced by a proton
Soil acidity
There are many factors that affect soil acidity, such as the chemical nature of the original rock, but the most important factor is rainfall there tends to be an abundance of vegetation that produces acids by means of respiration, excretion and decay
The endodermis & selective absorption of substances
The selective permeability of the plasma membrane and the presence or absences of molecular pumps control energy of ions and molecules
The endodermis prevents uncontrolled, apoplastic diffusion in roots
Mycorrhizae & the absorption of phosphorus
Fungi that form a symbiotic relationship with roots, usually of the benefit to plants because they provide phosphorus
Nitrogen Metabolism
Nitrogen fixation
The conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into any compound that can be used by plants, typically either nitrate or ammonium
Nitrogen reduction
The addition of electrons to molecular nitrogen such that it is able to form bonds with other molecules
Nitrogen assimilation
The incorporation of ammonium into organic compounds within an organism
Other aspects of prokaryotes & nitrogen
Certain soil bacteria are nitrifying bacteria, they oxidize ammonium to nitrite and others oxidize nitrite called nitrification
