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Fluids Unit, Things fluids can do - Coggle Diagram
Fluids Unit
Pressure
Definition: the amount of force applied to a given area
Air pressure changes with altitude
higher altitude = less air pressure
close to the surface = more air pressure
Pressure and depth
greater depth = greater pressure
two holes in water bottle - water at depth of lower hole has greater pressure
Pressure = Force/Area
force = mass x acceleration (10)
area = l x w
high pressure = small area
low pressure = large area
Pressure and fluid flow
fluid flows from high pressure to low pressure
Pressure and temperature
temperature increase
particles move faster
hit walls of container more
increase in pressure
explosion likely if container can't increase and pressure increases
compression
definition: decrease in volume caused by force:
compressibility - property of being able to be compressed
gas is more compressible because there is a large amount of space between gas particles
incompressible
materials in liquid state are said to be incompressible
Changes of state
Evaporation
Liquid to Gas
Melting
Solid to Liquid
Freezing
Liquid to Solid
Sublimation
Solid to Gas
Condensation
Gas to Liquid
Depositition
Gas to Solid
Density
amount of mass contained in a given volume
describes how closely packed together the particles are
Rules
density of substance GREATER than fluid
substance sinks
density of substance LESS than fluid
substance floats
density of substance EQUAL to fluid
substance 'hovers in place'
temperature affects density
temperature increase = lower density
generally have greater density in its solid state than its liquid and gas state (exception: water)
calculating density
density = mass/volume
liquid unit of measurement=g/mL
gases unit of measurement = kg/L
solids unit of measurement: g/cm^3
Graphs with g amd mL
steeper slop means it has a greater density
Buoyancy
tendency of an object to rise or sink due to density differences in the surroundings
gravity = attract matter downward
buoyant force = exerts an opposite force that pushes matter up
Buoyancy and Gravity
object will RISE in a fluid
buoyant force on object is GREATER than force of gravity on object
density object LESS than density fluid
object will SINK in a fluid
density
object will FLOAT in a fluid
density object = density fluid
buoyant force on object EQUAL force of gravity on object
Archimedes' Principle
Greek mathematician
the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object
Viscosity
Definition: ability of fluid to flow; the thickness/thinness of a fluid
high viscosity
means that the fluid doesn't flow as easily
slower flow rate
temperature increase
liquids: fluids flow more easily, viscosity decreases
gases: friction increases so viscosity increases
Flow rate
flow rate = distance/time
different substances has different flow rates
speed at which fluid flows from one point to another
used to compare viscosity of fluids
What do fluids do
Definition of fluid any substance that flows. Includes liquids and gasses.
transport solids
slurry: mixture of water and solids
slurry technology: transport of solids in water
become solids
fluids take the shape of their container
many solids were originally prepared as fluids
hold other materials
E.g. cytoplasm holds organelles
Matter
Matter: anything that has mass and volume
mass: a measure of how much matter there is in a subsance
volume: a measure of how much space substance takes up
Thermal Effects
Thermal contraction: temperature decrease leads to shrinking of the substance
Thermal expansion: increase in temperatureincrease n the volume of the substance :
Particle Theory of Matter
I.S.T.A.M.P
T
temperature affects the speed at which particles move
A
particles have forces of attraction between them. Solids have the greatest level of attraction.
S
All particles have space around them. Gas has the most space
M
All particles are in constant motion
I
All particles of the same substance are identical to each other
P
All matter is made up of particles
Things fluids can do