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Fluids - Coggle Diagram
Fluids
Viscosity
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Honey is a very viscous fluid because the particles are a lot more compact in honey than in certain other fluids. This is what makes honey very thick and resistant.
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Water is a very low viscous fluid because the particles in water are spread out and they're able to move freely which means that there isn't much resistance. But, the particles aren't spread out to the point of becoming a gas.
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When a fluid is more viscous it will most likely have a lower flow rate, flow rate = distance/time.
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The greater the viscosity means the lower the flow rate, the lower the viscosity means the higher the flow rate.
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Buoyancy
Buoyant force is the force that pushes everything up inside of water, It is like gravity except it is for water.
Buoyancy is the force of which we have an object and it is opposing to the force of the fluid it is on.
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For gravity everything gets pushed down, for buoyancy, the force pushes everything up. Technically it is easier to float than to sink because of the force.
Objects are more likely to float if the surface area is more spread out, the reason for that is because this makes the object a lot less dense which allows it to float.
Archimedes Principle means that the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
Freshwater is a lot less dense than saltwater, so when a boat enters an area with freshwater it will be a lot lower than it was before because the boat will be a lot denser.
When a boat enters an area of warm water it will be a lot lower than it was when it was in an area of cold water because warm water is a lot less dense than cold water.
The Plimsoll line shows how heavily a ship can be safely loaded in different water conditions. It indicates other ships of where it would be dangerous to sail because of the density changes.
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Pressure and Compression
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Pressure is the amount of force applied to a given area. Pressure increases with depth. Most times fluids move from an area of high pressure to low pressure.
Pressure is measured in N/m2, F = N, A = m2. Once you calculate the pressure convert the units into Pascals (Pa) or Kilopascals (Kpa).
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There is less air pressure if you travel to higher altitudes because there are fewer layers of air above us and the air is less dense.
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Compressibility is the property of being able to be compressed, materials in a liquid state are said to be incompressible, which means they cannot be compressed.
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Changes of State
There are 6 changes of state including evaporation, sublimation, condensation, melting, freezing, and deposition.
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Changes of state are physical changes in matter, they are reversible changes that do not involve changes in matter's chemical properties.
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Density
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Density is the amount of mass contained in a given volume. Density describes how closely packed together particles are in a substance. A solid is the most dense, a gas is the least dense.
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If the density of a substance is the very same as the density of a fluid, the substance will hover in place.
If the density of a substance is less than the density of the fluid, the substance will float.
If the density of a substance is greater than the density of the fluid, the substance will sink.
