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Electricity (Gonzalo and Rodrigo) - Coggle Diagram
Electricity (Gonzalo and Rodrigo)
Electricity. Electrical energy
Electricity
A form of energy that lets negatively charged particles (electrons) move from one atom to another.
Electric current
Flow of electrons from one atom to another inside a canductive material.
Insulator
a material that not lets electric current flow trough it.
Wood
Plastic
Cardboard
An atom has protons (positive charge) and neutrons (neutral charge) in a nucleus and outside electrons (negative charge).
Open circuits, closed circuits and short circuits
A circuit is open when the energy of the power source cannot reach the load devices, so the electric current cannot flow. This can happen if the switch is open, but it can also be because of a fault in the circuit
A circuit is closed when the energy of the power source reaches the load devices, so the electric current flow
Types of circuits
Series circuits
In these circuits, all the components are connected one after the other. This way, all the current flows trough all the load devices. There is only one possible path for the electrici current to flow
The same current flows through all the load devices
If one load device stops working, none of them will work because the circuit wll be open. This happens when one of the load devices fails or is not connected to the circuit properly.
The lamps will not be very brigthly because the cell reaches them directly
Parallel circuits
In these circuits, the load devices are connected on different branches of the wire. There are several possible paths for the electrical current to flow trough
The current does not flow equally trough all the load devices; instead, it is shared by all the posibble paths
More electric current flows in the branch that offers the least resistance
The lamps will shine very brigthly because the energy from the cell reaches them directly
Converting electrical energy
2 Heat: When electrons move trough a conductor or load device, they create friction with the material as they pass trough, wich produces heat.This effect is know as the Joule effect.
3 Motion: We can also convert electricity to motion using a motor. The effect obtained when we make an electricity current flow trough a motor is that its shaft turns in a rotary motion. This type of energyis used in washing machines and drills
1 Ligth: We can convert electricity to light trough load devices such as incadescents lamps, fluorescent tubes and electronic or low-energy lamp
4 Sound : We can use electrical energy to transmit sounds trough microphones and we can produce sound effects trough sirens, buzzersand bells.The sound that comes out of a loudspeaker is produced by vibrations in a membrane that are caused by electrical energy.
Energy and the environment
Of the many activities we do every day, the majority use electricity. The production, transportation and consumption of electricity all have an impacton our enviroment to varying degrees. This impact can be local or global.
4 Always switch off electronic equipment instead of leaving them in standby mode, wich continues to consume energy
3 Replace old electricical appliances with more effivient ones labellled ``class A´´
2 Use certain domestic appliances only when they are full.
1 Responsible use of electricity energy Replace incandescent bulbs with low energy bulbs
Components of a circuit
Electric circuits. Components
An electric circuit is a series of interconnected components that an electric current flows through to produce an effect (likel ight , heat, sound or motion).
Power sources.
Components that supply the necessary electrical energy to the rest of the circuit in order to move the electrons. The generators of direct current in a circuit are cells and batteries
Counductors.
Components that transport the electrical energy from the power sources to the load devices; in other words, the elelctric current flows through these components of a circuit are the wires.
Load devices.
Components that recieve the electrical energy from the power sources and convert it to other types of useful energy. Exampes of load devices in circuits are: motors, lamps, buzzers and resistors.
Control devices
Devices that regulate the circuit; in other words, thhey allow or prevent the flow of electric current through the circuit. The main types of control devices are one-way switches, push switches and two-way switches.
Conductors and insulators
Conductors
A material that lets electric current pass through it.
Gold and silver.
Aluminium.
Copper.
Insulators
A material that does not let electric current flow through it.
Plastic.
Wood.
Cardboard.
Components of a circuit.
Cell: Supplies the electrical energy to the rest of the circuit.
Battery: A grouped of set cells
Lamp: Converts electrical energy to light energy.
Motor: Converts electrical energy to kinetic energy.
Buzzer: Converts electrical energy to sound energy.
Resistor: A load device that opposes the flow of the electric current.
Wire: The component that the electric current flows through.
One-way switch: Open or close the circuit when are pressed.
Push switch: Open and close the circuit but only while the button is pressed
Two-way switch: Have two positrions. When press them, they change they change from one position to other.
