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Electricity and direct current circuits (Ernesto Raúl Ortiz y Daniel…
Electricity and direct current circuits
(Ernesto Raúl Ortiz y Daniel Rodríguez
Electrical energy
Atom
Formed by
Protons ( positive charge)
neutrons (neutral charge)
Electrons (negative charge)
a small particle that makes up everymaterials
Electricity
a form of energy that lets electrones move from one atom to another
Electric current
is the flow of of electrons from one atom to another inside a conductive metal
Electrical energy
is the most common form of energy because it is easy to obtain,it can be transported and it can easily be transformed into other forms of energy
Electric circuits. Components
Electric circuit:
a series of interconnected components that an electric current flows through to produce an effect
Four main components is an electricity circuit
Conductors
Load decives
Power sources
Control decives
Load devices
: components that recive the electrical energy from the power sources and convert it to other tipes of useful energy
Motor
Lamp
Buzzer
Resistor
Conductors
:Components that transport the electrical energy from the power sources to the load energy, the electricity current flow the wires
Wire
Power sources:
components that supply the necessary electrical energy to the rest of the circuit in order to move electrons, the generators of direct current cells and bateries
Cell
Battery
Control devices:
devices that regulate the circuit; in other words, they allow or prevent the flow of electric current through the circuits
One-way switch
Push switch
Two-way switch
Conductor and insulators
Conductors:
materials that let electric current flow through them
Insulators:
materials that do not let electric current flow through them
Static electricity
:It is a phenomenon caused by the acumulation of charge in a material.Electric current is related to moving charges,while static electricity is produce when charges are the rest
Open circuits and closed circuits.
A circuit is open when the energy of the power source cannot reach the load decives, so electric current cannot flow
A circuitis closed when the energy of the power source reaches thel load decives, so electric current flow
Short circuit
: in an electric circuit, a short circuit occurs when the electric current is transported by the wires without passing througha load device
Components of a circuit
Power sources
Cell:
supplies electrical energuy to the rest of the circuit
Battery:
a grouped set of cells
Load devices
Lamp:
converts electrical energy to light energy
Motor:
converts electrical energy to kinetic energy
Buzzer:
converts electrical energy into sound energy
Resistor:
A load device that opposes the flow of the electric current. Converts electrical energy to heat energy
Conductors
Wire:
the component that the electric current flows through
Control devices
One-way switch:
Opens or closes the circuit when it is pressed. one possition opens the circuit and stops the electric current from flowing through it
Two-way switch:
They have two positions. When we press them, they charge from one position to the other. They are also called
changeover switches
Push switch:
push switches open and close the circuit but only while the button is pushed. These advices can either be normally open or normally closed (NO and NC),
Types of circuits
Series circuits:
all the components
are connected one after the other
Parallel circuits:
load devices are
connected to different branches of the wire
Series-Parallel
combinations
Converting electrical energy
Heat
The friction of the electrons through the conductor (Joule effect) produces heat
Motion
Current flows through a motor
and generates a rotary motion
Light
Using lamps and fluorescent tubes
Sound
Several ways to generate sound from electricity as in buzzers, sirenes and bells.
Energy and the environment*
Responsible use
Save energy means save natural resources and help to protect the environment. Use energy in moderation.
Production and transmission:
Electrical energy is generated industrially in power stations. Many power stations pollute the atmosphere and the water and add to the greenhouse effect
Open circuit
Closed circuit
Electrical schematic
