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SPANISH CULTURE IN THE 16TH CENTURY - Coggle Diagram
SPANISH CULTURE IN THE 16TH CENTURY
Spanish culture
Spanish culture was greatly influenced by the Counter-Reformation.
To prevent Protestant beliefs from spreading across the Iberian Peninsula, Felipe II impeded access to its doctrines in the following ways:
Spaniards were not allowed to study in other countries.
Books printed outside the Peninsula were not allowed into the country.
Science in Spain progressed slowly because the new ideas and discoveries made in other countries took a long time to reach the Peninsula.
Religion played a fundamental role in all works of art.
Art
The church and the monarchy used art to spread their ideas and values.
two styles
Classicist
which strove for harmony and serenity and was influenced by Italian art and Flemish painting
although mythological themes and nudes were not portrayed.
Mannerist
which dominated in the second half of the century. The works were expressive and had a dramatic quality
This was because the Counter-Reformation wished to evoke intense feelings in its followers and strengthen their religious beliefs.
Architecture
In the first third of the century, the Plateresque style dominated.
Examples are the facade of Salamanca University, San Marcos Hospital in León and Santo Domingo Cathedral on the island Hispaniola.
In the second third of the century, buildings were constructed in a Classicist or Purist style.
examples
The Palace of Carlos V in the Alhambra in Granada by Pedro Machuca.
Granada Cathedral by Diego de Siloé.
Jaén Cathedral and El Salvador Church in Úbeda, both by Andrés de Vandelvira.
The facade of the Alcázar and the Bisagra Gate, both in Toledo, by Alonso de Covarrubias.
Painting
The most important Spanish Renaissance paintings are those by Juan de Juanes, such as Ecce Homo and The Last Supper.
The Italian Titian, the main portrait artist from the Venetian school
Alonso Sánchez Coello and Juan Pantoja de Cruz were Felipe II's portrait painters.
From the middle of the century onwards, the influence of Michael Angelo and Mannerism was reflected in the use of elongated figures with dramatic expressions on their faces.
In the last third of the century, the most important artist was El Greco
His works are characterised by the drama and spirituality reflected on the faces of his subjects
Sculpture
The facade of the Alcázar and the Bisagra Gate, both in Toledo, by Alonso de Covarrubias.
With the adoption of the style of Mannerism, the faces of the sculptures became more expressive
They tried to evoke intense feelings to reflect the dramatic situations in some of the passages of the Bible.
The main artists were:
Alonso Berruguete, who produced works such as The Sacrifice of Isaac and The Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian.
Juan de Juni, who produced works such as The Entombment of Christ and The Virgen of Anguish.
Literature
The most famous religious authors were mystics who wrote about their spiritual experiences, such as Saint Teresa of Jesus and Saint John of the Cross.
Garcilaso de la Vega was the most important poet.
