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ELECTRICITY AND DIRECT CURRENT CIRCUITS. By: Adriana Velasco…
ELECTRICITY AND DIRECT CURRENT
CIRCUITS.
By: Adriana Velasco and Mara Mateos.
ELECTRICITY. ELECTRICAL ENERGY
All materials are made up of very small particles that are atoms
Neutrons : neutral charge
Protons : positive charge
Electrons : negative charge
Electricity: is a form of energy that lets negatively charged particles (electrons) move from one atom to another
Electric current: is the flow of electrons from one atom to another inside a conductive material.
Movement of electrons
Electron forced out of its orbit
Conductor
Electrical energy: is the most common form of energy because it is easy to obtain.
CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS. Conductors: copper, tin, aluminium, silver and iron.
Insulators: plastic, paper, textiles, wood.
Static electricity: is a phenomenon caused by the accumulation of charge in a material. Electric current is related to moving charges.
The phenomenon are materials composed of atoms with a neutral charge, in othar words they have the same number of protons (positive charge +) and electrons (negative charge -)
ELECTRIC CIRCUITS. COMPONENTS: is a series of interconnected components that an electric flows through to produce an effect
POWER SOURCES: supply the necessary electrial energy to the rest of the circuit.
CONDUCTORS: Components that transport the electrical energy from the power sources to the load devices.
LOAD DEVICES: Components that recives the electrical energy from the power sources
CONTROL DEVICES: Devices that regulate the circuit. The main types of control devices are one-way switches, push switches and two-way switches
Components of a circuit.
POWER SOURCES.
Cell:Supplies electrical energy to the rest of the circuit.
Battery: A grouped set of cells.
LOAD DEVICES.
Lamp: Converts electrical energy to light energy
Motor: Converts electrical energy to kinetic energy
Buzzer: Converts electrical energy to sound energy
Resistor: Converts electrical energy to heat energy
CONDUCTORS
Wire: The electric current flows through.
CONTROL DEVICES
One-way switches: Open or close the circuit when they are pressed.
Push switch: Open and close the circuit but only while the button is phused, can either be normally open (NO) or normally closed (NC)
Two-way switch: Hve two positions when we press them they change from one position to other.
OPEN CIRCUITS, CLOSE CIRCUITS AND SHORT CIRCUITS:
Is open when the enrgy of the power source cannot reach the load devices, so the electric current cannot flow
Is closed when the enrgy of the power source reaches the load devices, so the electric current flows.
Short circuit: occurs when the electric current is transported by the wires without passing through a load device. Electrons always take the easiest path, the current never passes through the lamps
TYPES OF CIRCUITS:
Can have different characteristics depending on how we arrage the loas devices
Series circuits: All the components are connected one after the other
Flows through all the load devices
If one load device stops working, none of them will work because the circuit will be open
The lamps will not be very bright
Parallel circuits: the load devices are connected on different branches of the wire.
The current does not flow equally through all the load devices
More electric current flows in the branch
Even if one of the load devices stop working, the rest continue to work.
The lamps will shine very brightly.
Series-parallel combination circuits: Contain devices connected in series and in parallel.
The cicuits have properties of both series circuits and parallel circuits.
ENERGY AND THE ENVIROMENT:
Enviroment impact of energy production and transmission: Electrical energy is generated industrially in power stations wich convert energy.
The use of RENEWABLE ENERGIES is being promoted as a green alternative
Responsible use of electrical energy: When we save energy, we save money and natural resources
TIPS ON RESPONSIBLE ENERGY USE
low energy bulbs
domestic applicances when they are full
consume less energy
switch of electronic equipment
CONVERTING ELECTRICAL ELECTRICAL.
The electricalenergy ca be converted to other types of energy .
Heat:When electrons move Trough a conductor or load device, they create friction with the material as they pass through,wich produces heat.
Motion:We can also convert electricity to motion using a motor.
Sound:We can use electrical energy to transmit sounds through microphones and we can produce sound effects through sirens,buzzers and bells.
Light:We can convert electricity to light through load decives such as lamp.
Resistor
Lamp
Motor
Buzzer
