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Cardiovascular System- P.6 Michelle Llamas - Coggle Diagram
Cardiovascular System- P.6 Michelle Llamas
Blood flow through heart and body
heart acts as two different pumps and circuit
right atrium and ventricle send blood to lungs,
pulmonary circulation
left atrium and ventricle send blood to the body,
systemic circulation
Pathway of the blood
superior vena cava
right atrium
tricuspid valve
right ventricle
pulmonary semilunar valve
pulmonary artery
lungs
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Layers of the heart
Pericardium- covering of the heart
inner layer = visceral pericardium
outer layer= parietal pericardium
both layers anchor the heart to diaphragm and sternum, serous fluid between layers allow beats w/out friction
the heart wall
epicardium- thin layer of connective tissue
myocardium - cardiac muscle, contracts
endocardium - simple squamous epithelium w/blood vessels
Major functions of the cardiovascular system
a closed circuit that consists of heart and vessels
vital for supplying oxygen and nutrients to tissues, removes wastes
removes carbon dioxide
protection against disease
maintain fluid balance in body
anatomy of the heart
size of a fist, located on the top diaphragm in the thoracic cavity
apex-points toward the left hip
base- slants toward right shoulder
four chambers
left and right atria: thin walled collecting chambers
left and right ventricles: thick muscular pumping chambers
interatrial/ interventricular septum
separates left and right sides
four valves of the heart
- cause blood to flow in only one direction
atrioventricular valves after atria
right- tricuspid
left- bicuspid
flaps controlled by cordae tenonae & make long/ loud "lub" heartbeat
semilunar valves after ventricles
pulmonary- before lungs
before aorta
close under high pressure & make "dup" sound of heart
Disorders of the Cardiovascular system
innocent murmur
aortic stenosis
coronary artery disease- buildup of plaque in the arteries supplying blood to the heart
high blood pressure, a condition where the blood is flowing to high in the artery walls
stroke, damage to brain because of limited blood supply
Cardiac Cycle
ECG
visible tracing of electrical signals ,
Electrocardiogram
normal ECG has three waves called the Pwave, QRS complex, and T wave
P WAVE
- associated with depolarization of the atria
QRS COMPLEX
- associate with depolarization of the ventricles and repolarization of atria
T WAVE -
associated with repolarization of ventricles
specialized conduction system structures generate and transmit the electrical impulses and result in heart contraction
tiny impulses can be picked up on surface of body and transformed into visible tracings on an electriocardiograph
each complete heartbeat is a cardiac cycle
each cycle is 0.8 seconds long
subdivided into
systole , a contraction phas
e, and
diastole, a relaxation phase
Stroke volume
volume of blood ejected from one ventricle with each beat
cardiac output
amount of blood that one ventricle can pump each minute
Main parts:
SA node
AV node
HIS
bundle branches
Purkinaje fibers
SA node starts and causes the atrial muscle to contract
then the signal travels to the AV node
through HIS
down the bundle branches
Then through Purkinje fibers
this caused the ventricle to contract and create an electrical current that can be seen on an electrocardiogram
SA node
pacemaker, located in wall of right atrium near opening of superior vena cava
Atrioventricular node
located in right atrium along the lower part of interatrial septum
AV bundle (HIS)
located in septum of ventricle
Purkinje Fibers
located in walls of ventricle
Structural and functional differences between blood vessel types
a network of tubes, form a closed circuit
carry blood away from heart, to cells, and back to heart
arteries
, take blood away from the heart
strong and elastic
carry high pressure blood
arteries get small when divide and become arterioles
thickest layer
Arterioles
, small arteries
found between arteries and capillaries
walls get thinner when approaching capillaries
Capillaries
, smallest blood vessel
sites of gas exchange between blood and tissue cells
one layer of endothelium
exchange materials through diffusion and osmosis
connect arterioles and veins
serves respiratory system
Capillary beds
Vascular Shunt
- directly connects arteriole to venule
True capillaries
- gas exchange by diffusion
Venules
, small veins
connect capillaries and veins
Veins
, return blood toward heart
thin muscle layer
prevent backflow bc of flap
no high pressure blood
use a milking action to help move blood
Blood vessel anatomy
tunica intima
endothelium, inner lining
tunica media
smooth muscle that controls sympathetic nervous system, middle layer
tunica externa
fibrous connective tissue, outermost