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Year 10 Geography - Coggle Diagram
Year 10 Geography
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Cross section
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Place the straight edge of the paper along line x-y
Mark the position of each contour
Label the height of each contour and the positions of x and y.
Prepare a horizontal grid making the lengths of the grid equal to x and y
Mark in heights along the vertical lines and label x and y
Lay the strip of paper along the base line and transfer the height to the grid
Join the points with a smooth curve
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Label any important features
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Features on a map
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- eg. Mountains, oceans, lakes and forests
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- e.g. Houses, bridges, train stations and roads
Environmental change
degrading land
The loss of productivity and decline in fertility of land-based environments as a result of human
activities are referred to as land degradation
affects about one-quarter of
the world’s total land area and about 38 per cent of the world’s farmed areas
Soil degradation
Impacts
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becoming acidic due to a build-up of fertiliser or a loss of soil nutrients caused by farming the land too intensity
refers to the loss of fertility
of the soil, often due to a chemical change
Ecosystem Decline
May be through loss of vegetation, the invasion of non native plants and animals or a decline in the quality of rivers and springs
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Natural ecosystems of an area, such as forests and streams, can become degraded
Soil erosion
is when soil is gradually worn away by natural phenomena such as rivers, rain, waves, glaciers and the wind
clearing trees for
farming, accelerate erosion
cleared land is more vulnerable to wind
erosion, gully erosion and sheet erosion
Degrading the atmosphere
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Recovery
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shields us from sun uv, due to pollution so we have more cases of cancer
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Degrading water
Causes
littering, land clearing,
creating tips and landfill, processing sewage and
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Over fishing, water pollution,
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contamination of rivers, lakes,wetlands, estuaries, seas and oceans through the release of harmful substances
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Biodiversity loss
Causes: land use changes, pollution, changes in atmospheric CO2 concentrations, changes in the nitrogen cycle and acid rain, climate alterations, and the introduction of exotic species, all coincident to human population growth
a decrease in biodiversity within a species, an ecosystem, a given geographic area, or Earth as a whole
Research
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• It is estimated that between 17,000 and 100,000 species are reaching extinction each year
• Biodiversity loss is when there is a decrease in the number, type or variety of living organisms within an environment
Five main Causes:
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• Pollution of land, water and air
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Hot spots:
• A biodiversity hotspot is an area with unusual concentration of species, many of which are endemic (native)
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o It must contain at least 1,500 species of native plants
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climate change
Climate change is a long-term permanent shift in some or all parts of the weather conditions experienced in an area.
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impacts: coral bleaching, sea water rising, ice melting,
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Impacts:
• Methane and CO2 enter the atmosphere and increase the layer of GHGs, trapping heat which creates the enhanced greenhouse effect and warms the planet
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Area and grid references
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• Grid references have six numbers from the bottom left corner use to beter locater an object with more accuracy.
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Lake chad
Population
Over population- increase in population- increase in demand for water- houses and irrigation, agriculture- provides food- lies over 4 countries pop double 2050- desertification
Climate change
Climate change – temp rises – decrease of mass rainfall events and high rates of evaporation- rainfall can’t refresh water supplies- size one tenth
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BOLTSS
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• Legend- a description, explanation, or table of symbols printed on a map or chart to permit a better understanding or interpretation of it
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