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validity - Coggle Diagram
validity
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internal validity
issues
researcher bias- a researchers interpretations of behaviour or the way they set up the study may be biased to support their hypothesis
social desirability- ppts will change answers on natural course of behaviour in order to present themselves in more socially acceptable ways to show themselves in a better light
demand characteristics- ppts guess the aim of the study and change their natural course of behaviour in order to help the researcher obtain favourable results
test is inaccurate- the measure used in the study does not measure the desired behaviour, e.g. an IQ test that measures solely mathematical ability
how to overcome issues
single blind study- do not inform ppts on the aim of the study or take measures to ensure they do not guess the aim of the study, such as adding bogus activities
double blind study- ensure the researcher collecting the data and the ppts do not know the aim or hypothesis therefore restricting bias in interpretation (and demand characteristics)
ensure confidentiality- if ppts believe that their behaviour or responses cannot be attribute to them they will more likely be truthful
pilot-study- ensure test is accurate by trialling it with a focus group then consult with participants and make changes as needed
the extent to which changes in a DV are legitimately caused by a change in an IV or is it by some other extraneous variable. likewise in a correlation study is the strength of relationship legitimate or caused by extraneous variables
external validity
issues
ecological validity- the extent to which findings of a study can be generalised to real life settings, often a problem for laboratory studies
population validity- the extent to which the findings from a study can be generalised to the target population or to alternative groups, usually an issue when there is small or biased sample groups
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the extent a study legitimately measures what it claims to measure, there are two forms of validity- external which is the legitimacy beyond the studies setting and internal which is the extent to which the IV is truly changing the DV