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Weather and Climate - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Latitude
        
        Distance from the Equator
        
        At the Equator, sun rays fall vertically over it. They spread over a small area and make it very hot and humid.
        Meanwhile, in the polar regions, the sun rays are slanting and spread on a larger area, making it cold.
        
        Depending upon the amount of heat received, there are three heat zones.
        
        The Torrid/Tropical Zone
        
        Between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.
        
        Gets direct sunlight all year round.
        
        Hot and humid. High Rainfall and humidity and temperature.
        
        The Temperate Zone
        
        Neither too hot nor too cold.
        
        Between the Torrid Zones and the Frigid Zones in both the hemispheres.
        
        The Frigid Zone
        
        Between the Arctic Circle and the North Pole and between the Antarctic Circle and the South Pole.
        
        It receives very slanting rays of the sun and hence, is very cold.
        
        Permafrost as in permanently frozen ground can be found here due to lack of heat.
      - Altitude
        
        The temperature drops as the altitude rises because the air gets thinner and there is less air pressure and it becomes cold.
        
        Hence, hill stations and mountains are very cold.
        
        When the pressure of a gas decreases, the temperature also decreases
      - Winds
        
        They change the climate of the place they blow to and make it hotter if they come from a hot area or make it colder if the come from a cold area.
        
        The SW monsoon winds blow from early June to September and bring rain to most of India
        The NE monsoon winds blow in December and January and bring rain to the SE coast of India.
      - Distance from the sea
        
        Places situated near the coast have a moderate or equable climate. This is because of the land and sea breezes.
        
        Sea Breezes
        
        During the day, the land gets heated up by the sun more quickly than the sea. Hence, it is hotter. The hot air above the land rises and cool air above the sea comes in to fill the low pressure area left.
        
        Land Breezes
        
        Opposite of sea breezes
        
        At night, the land cools down more quickly than the sea and the cool air above the land moves towards the sea to fill the low pressure area left when the warm air above it rises.
        
        Convection currents
      - Humidity
        
        It is the amount of moisture or water vapour present in the atmosphere. Winds blowing from the sea to land bring a lot of moisture with them, making coastal areas very humid.
      - Ocean currents
        
        Oceans have warm and cold currents (movement of water in the sea or a river)
        
        These currents affect the climate of coastal areas. Warm ocean currents make them warmer while cold ones make them cooler.