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My Personal Psychology Timeline - Coggle Diagram
My Personal Psychology Timeline
Important Events
John Watson establishes a new school of psychology in 1920 called behaviorism. This revolutionizes psychology.
Ulric Neisser founded the Emory Cognition Project in 1983.
End of World War II - drove the need up for qualified psychologist due to the returning of soldiers suffering from mental despair
G. Stanley Hall established the first American experimental lab at John Hopkins in 1883.
Wilhelm Wundt opens the first psychology lab at the University of Leipzig in 1879
Important Theories
Classical Conditioning - learning is through association; studied and founded by Ivan Pavlov in the 1890s and later built on by John Watson in 1913.
Photo Credit:
https://www.simplypsychology.org/pavlov.html
Erik Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development - Personality develops over a lifespan and progress through 8 stages as they work through social conflict. Each stage builds upon the previous stage.
Photo Credit:
https://www.verywellmind.com/erik-eriksons-stages-of-psychosocial-development-2795740
Mary Ainsworth's Attachment Theory: There are three main attachment styles of children: secure (Type B), insecure avoidant (Type A) insecure ambivalent/resistant (Type C). A child's attachment style will develop in response to the mothers behavior towards them.
Photo Credit:
https://www.simplypsychology.org/mary-ainsworth.html
Sigmund Freud's Psycho-Analytic Theory - There are three aspects of personality: Id, Ego, and Superego
ID: most primitive, basic urges and instincts, wants what it wants immediately
Ego: The Middle Man between the ID and the Superego, deals with reality, satisfies the demands of the ID
Superego: The moral compass of a person, comprised of familial and cultural standards
Photo Credit:
https://sites.google.com/site/psychologyofpersonalityperiod6/home/psychodynamic-theories/freud-s-personality-theory
Social Cognitive Theory - Started out as Social Learning Theory. States that learning is impacted by these factors: reciprocal determinism, behavioral capacity, observational learning, reinforcements, expectations, self-efficacy.
Observational Learning: People can mimic what they see others do.
Reinforcements: This refers to if a person will repeat a behavior depending on the feedback they get from themselves and from others around them.
Behavioral Capacity: The ability for a person to perform a behavior through learned skills and knowledge.
Expectations: This refers to what people can expect as consequences (positive or negative) to their behavior.
Reciprocal Determinism: This is impacted by interactions between a person, environment, and behavior
Self-efficacy: This refers to the belief the person has in themselves and in their own abilities to perform actions and behaviors.
Photo Credit:
http://www.esourceresearch.org/exploring-social-cognitive-theory/
Important Research
Ivan Pavlov's Dog Experiment - 1890s at Military Medical Academy in St. Petersburg, Russia - introduced classical conditioning
John Darley and Bibb Latane's Bystander Effect Research - 1968 - Found that the more people that were around during a crisis, the less likely someone was going to help or that it would take longer for someone to offer help.
Dr. Harry Harlow's Nature of Love Experiment - 1958 at University of Wisconsin Primate Lab - found that close caregiver contact was important in the development of healthy well-adjusted babies/children.
Ulric Neisser's John Dean's Memory Research and Challenger Experiment - reframed memory as repeated series of events or a reconstruction of events.
Albert Bandura's Bobo Doll Experiment - 1961 to 1963 at Stanford University; Observational Learning - human behavior is partially based on social imitation; and there are gender differences between behavior
Important People
Sigmund Freud (1856-1910) - Father of psychoanalysis
Erik Erikson (1902-1981) - Developed the Theory on Psychosocial Development
William James (1842 - 1910) - Father of American Psychology
Harry Harlow (1905-1981) - Conducted Nature of Love Experiment
Wilhelm Wundt (1832 - 1920) - Founder of psychology as a separate entity from philosophy
Albert Bandura (b. 1925) - Developed Social Learning Theory
Ulric Neisser (1928 - 2012) - Father of Cognitive Psychology
G. Stanley Hall (1844-1924) - Founder of Child Psychology and Educational Psychology; Big Proponent of Applied Psychology
Important Women
Anna Freud (1895-1982) - Expanded on her father's work and also helped to develop child psychology.
Leta Steller Hollingworth (1886-1939) - Completed psychology studies on women and found that women are as intelligent and as capable as men.
Margaret Floy Washburn (1871-1939) - First woman to be awarded a Ph.D. in Psychology.
Melanie Klein (1882-1960) - Helped develop play therapy for children which is still used today.
Mary Whiton Calkens (1863-1930) - 1st Female President of the APA; Important first generation of American psychologists
