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Fluids - Coggle Diagram
Fluids
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Buoyancy
Archimedes' principle: buoyancy, discovered by the ancient Greek mathematician and inventor Archimedes, stating that any body completely or partially submerged in a fluid (gas or liquid) at rest is acted upon by an upward, or buoyant, force, the magnitude of which is equal to the weight
Buoyancy (the ability of an object to float in water or air) is intimately related to specific gravity. If a substance has specific gravity less than that of a fluid, it will float on that fluid: helium-filled balloons will rise in air, oil will form a slick on water, and lead will float on mercury. The specific gravity of a substance is characteristic; it is the same for different samples of a substance (if pure, the same in composition, and free from cavities or inclusions) and is used to help identify unknown substances.
The buoyancy force (B) is equal to the weight (W) of the fluid that a body in that fluid displaces. The weight W can be written in terms of the density (D) of the fluid as W = DVg, where V is the volume of the fluid that has been displaced and g is 9.8 metres per second per second, the value of the acceleration from Earths gravity
Density
The formula for density is d = M/V, where d is density, M is mass, and V is volume.
Density is expressed in units of grams per cubic centimetre. For example, the density of water is 1 gram per cubic centimetre, and Earth’s density is 5.51 grams per cubic centimetre.
Pressure
Pressure, in the physical sciences, the perpendicular force per unit area, or the stress at a point within a confined fluid. The pressure exerted on a floor by a 42-pound box the bottom of which has an area of 84 square inches is equal to the force divided by the area over which it is exerted
Pressure is equal to the force divided by the area on which it acts. According to Pascals principle, in a hydraulic system a pressure exerted on a piston produces an equal increase in pressure on another piston in the system. If the second piston has an area 10 times that of the first, the force on the second piston is 10 times greater, though the pressure is the same as that on the first piston. This effect is exemplified by the hydraulic press, based on Pascals principle, which is used in such applications as hydraulic brakes.
Viscosity
Viscosity, the resistance of a fluid (liquid or gas) to a change in shape, or movement of neighbouring portions relative to one another.