HernandezManuelCardiovascular. pdf
Major functions of the cardiovascular system
Layers of the heart
Anatomy of the heart
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Maintaining fluid balance within the body
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Maintenance of constant body temperature
Transportation of nutrients, gases and waste products
epicardium (outer layer of the heart)
Left atrium (receives blood from the pulmonary)
right atrium (receives blood from the venae cavae)
right ventricle (pumps the oxygen-poor blood to the lungs through the pulmonary valve)
left ventricle (pumps the oxygen-rich blood through the aortic valve out to the rest of the body)
myocardium (middle layer of the heart)
endocardium (inner layer of heart)
Blood flow through the heart and body
heart
Right ventricle pumps the oxygen-poor blood to the lungs through the pulmonary valve, left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle, left ventricle pumps the oxygen-rich blood through the aortic valve
Body
blood leaves the heart and goes into pulmonary artery and to the lungs, into the aorta and to the body, and then this repeated and the blood flows continuous through out the heart, body, lungs
Structural and functional differences between blood vessel types
arteries carry blood away from heart and adapt carrying high pressure blood
Capillaries smallest of blood vessels& sites of gas changes between blood tissue & cells,only one layer endothelium
Veins usually return blood towards heart,thinner muscle layer than arteries
Cardiac cycle and the ECG
ECG
P-Wave ( depolarization of the atria)
QRS Complex (depolarization of the ventricles and repolarization of the atria)
T wave ( Repolarization of the ventricles)
Cardiac Cycle
Atrial diastole (two ventricles are relaxing)
Atrial systole (the heart beat starts. Both left and right contract together) full blood
Ventricular diastole ( 2 arias relaxing)
Ventricular systole (pressure rises in the ventricles)
Disorders of the cardiovascular system
Heart attack
Coronary Heart Disease
Strokes
Aortic disease