PRINCIPLES OF LANGUAGE ASSESSMENT
Validity
Content-related evidence (content validity)
Criterion-related evidence
Direct and indirect testing
Direct testing
Involves the test-taker in actually performing the target task
Indirect testing
Learners are not performing the task itself but rather a task that is related in some way
You can usually identify. if you can clearly define the achievement that you are measuring
Concurrent vaidity
Predicitive validity
Construct-related evidence
is any
theory
hypothesis
model
attempts to explain observed phenomena in our universe or perceptions
Consequential validity
All the consequences of a test
its accuracy in measuring intended criteria
impact on the preparation of test-taker
its effect on the learner
the (intended and unintended) social consequences of a test's interpretation and use
Authenticity
The degree of correspondece of the characteristics of a given language test task to the features of a target language tast
Washback
the effect of testing on teaching and learning
the effect the test have on instruction
to comment generously and specifically on test performance
Face validity
A well constructed, expected format with familiar tasks
A test that is clearly doable within the allotted time limit
Items that are clear and uncomplicated
directions that are crystal clear
tasks that relate to their course work (content validity)
A difficuly level that presents a reasonable challenge
Reliability
Rayer reliability
two or more scores yield inconsistent scores of the same tes
unclear scoring, fatigue, bias toward particular “good" and "bad" students, or simple carelessness
Student related reliability
The most common learner-related issue is temporary illness.
Test administration reliability
Outside noise
Photocopying
Variations in room
Conditions in desks and chairs
Test reliability
If a test is too long, test-takers may become fatigued by the time they reach the later items and hastily respond incorrectly
Practicality
Is relatively easy to administer
Stays within appropiate time constraints
Has a scoring/evaluation procedure that is specific
Is not excessively expensive
Perla Denisse Pérez Villegas