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Cardiovascular System-Soely Collazo Period 5 - Coggle Diagram
Cardiovascular System-Soely Collazo Period 5
Functions
To protect the body from infection and blood loss
To help the body maintain a constant body temperature
To transport nutrients, gases and waste products around the body
To help maintain fluid balance within the body
Major elements
The blood
Plasma
Liquid portion of the blood
Contains clotting factors, hormones, antibodies, nutrients and waste
Erythrocytes
Carry hemoglobin and oxygen
Can´t repair themselves
Leukocytes
Fight infection and are formed in the bone marrow
Five types
Neurotrophils
Lympocytes
Eosinophils
Monocytes
Basophils
Thrombocytes
Cell fragment that are formed in bone marrow
Clot blood by sticking together
The heart
Four chambers
Left atrium
Left ventricle
RIght ventricle
Right atrium
Covered by
Heart walls
Myocardium
Epicardium
Endorcardium
Layered sac
Inner layer= visceral pericardium
Outer layer= parietal pericardium
Four valves
Semilunar valves
Pulmonary= comes before lungs
Aortic= comes before aorta
Atrioventricular valves
right= triscupid valve
left= biscupid or mitral valve
Blood vessels
Arteries
Thickest layer
Blood `pumped by forced of heart
Carry high blood pressure
Veins
Lumens of veins are larger
Use ´´´milking`` action of muscles to help move blood
Capillaries
Gas (and nutrients and waste) exchange between blood and tissue
One cell thick
Serves the respiratory system
Blood flow
Blood enters the right atrium
Blood flows through the triscupid valve into the right ventricle
When the heart beats, the ventricle pushes blood through the pulmonic valve into the pulmonary artery.
Pulmonary artery carries blood to the lungs where picks up oxygen
Oxygenated blood leaves the lungs to the return to the heart through the pulmonary vein
Blood enters the left atrium
Blood descends through the mitral valve into the left ventricle
The left ventricle pumps blood through the aortic valve and into the aorta
Blood returns to the heart from the body via the superior vena and the inferior vena cava
The vena cavas pump blood into the right atrium
The cycle of oxygenation and transport begins all over again
Cardiac cycle and ECG
Hearbeat is regular and rythmic
each cycle is subdivided into
Systole
Filling
Increases pressure to open valves
Diastole
Contraction
Ejection of blood
Electrocardiogram
Visible tracing of these electrical signals
Three deflections
P wave
QRS complex
T wave
Disorders of the cardiovascular system
Valve stenosis
Defects in valves failing to open which makes heart pump harder
Myocardial infarction
Heart muscle cells die due to lack of blood to heart muscles
Mumur
Abnormal or irregular heart sounds can be
Caused by valve stenosis
Fibrillation
Prevents hard from acting as a pump
Rapid uncoordinated shuddering of the heart muscles
Pericarditis
inflammation of pericardium