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- - - - 7 CONCEPTS OF GEOGRAPHY
        
        P lace - area on Earth's surface.
        
        C - hange - how the worlds changing
        
        I nterconnection - how Earth affects humans, how the humans affect the Earth,
        
        S cale - how big/small something is (scale of an event)
        
        S - ustainability - resources how we use them.
        
        E nvironment - manmade/natural
        
        S pace - how we divide up places/use places
        
        INTRO TO GEOGRAPHY )
        
        Definition; the study of physical features of Earth, its atmosphere, human activity and political and economic activities.
        //study of Earth's landforms and climate, how humans use them and how they have affected where people live and how they use resources.
        
        the study of the world around us. Studying geography helps us understand how the world works.
      - mapping skills/4 letter co-ordinates
        
        4 FIGURE GRID REFERENCING
        
        what is it?
        
        we use 4 figure grid referencing to find places on a map, numbers on numbers, along the corridor up the stairs.
        
        A 4-figure number can show you which square a location is in.
- - - - ALPHA-NUMERIC GRID REFERENCING
        
        what is it?
        
        The use of 4 figure grid references to find places on a map.
        
        letters then numbers, across first, then up.
        
        along the corridor up the stairs.
  - - - TOPOGRAPHIC MAP: shows shapes of land by using contour lines; inc: ridges, valleys, mountains, heights.
      - WEATHER MAP: show conditions in the atmosphere, eg; air pressure, wind speed, wind direction. inc: size and location of warm and cold fronts.
      - CHOROPLETH MAP: different shade of the same colour to give quick impression; inc: darker/lighter shades to represent the feature.
      - DOT DISTRIBUTION: use of dots/shapes to represent/compare a range of different features; inc; dots/shapes.
      - WHAT ARE MAPS?: a visual representation of an area, a simplified plan of an area, different maps for different purposes.
      - THEMATIC MAP: shows the one topic of the theme, for ex; a type of land use. inc; forests, resources, crops, animals.
      - PHYSICAL MAP: the locations and names of natural features of Earth. inc; deserts, mountains, rivers, plains, oceans, reefs, volcanoes, lakes.
      - POLITICAL MAP: locations and names of built features of Earth. inc; country, border, state, cities, towns, territories.
  - - - the scale on a map is the map distance ratio and how long it actual equals on the actual ground
        distance =
      - it is used so that we can make maps that aren't actual distance, making it easier. so if the area was 10kms x 10kms, the map ratio would be 1km = 1cm
  - - - what is it?
        
        Direction is used to determine where things are in relation to other things
        
        forward, backward, left, right, sideways .
        
        or in Geography North, East, South and West
        
        North, North East, East, South East, South, South West, West, North West.
  - - - LATITUDE
        
        horizontal lines across the globe//lines across the globe ----
        
        EQUATOR: imaginary line splitting the world into north and south hemispheres
        
        lines showing how far north and south a place is are called latitude, they are measured in degrees.
      - LONGITUDE
        
        lines up and down the globe
        
        PRIME MERIDIAN: a line that splits the world into east and south. It goes through Britain and is sometimes called the Greenwich Meridian
        
        lines of longitude are on either side of this and are measured in degrees and show how east or west of the meridian a place is.
- - - - MOUNTAIN LANDSCAPES
        
        formed by tectonic plates on Earth's surface pushing against eachother.
        
        can stand alone, grouped in ranges, or form ridges. eg; The Himalayes.
      - COASTAL LANDSCAPES
        
        where land meets sea
        
        shaped by erosian by wind and waves, or building up coast, changing its shape.
        
        features; beaches, dunes, bays, cliffs, platforms, spits, lagoons.
      - RIVERINE LANDSCAPES
        
        formed by natural movement of a water system such as river.
        
        inc; ecosystems in and around areas of river.
        
        valuable resource.
    - - deserts cover 1/3 of Earths surface and contain some of the most uninhabitable regions on Earth
      - hot desert = Sahara, cold desert = Antarctica
    - - formed when dissolved rock (limestone) is worn away by slight acidic water, from underground source/rainfall
      - sinkholes formed when rock beneath the Earth's surface eroded away sections of land on surface collapse. for eg; Margaret River.
    - - human landscapes created by people
      - features; infrastructure (buildings, roads, transport, energy, sewerage, telecommunication systems.
      - construction of human landscape = damage/destruction of natural landscapes.
      - eg; cities/farms.
    - - parts of a landscape, natural feature, large like mountains, plains, rivers; small like hills and streams
      - shaped and created by natural processes, such as tectonic activity and erosion.
      - TECTONIC ACTIVITY: formed by huge plates on the Earth's surface pushing against each other or pulling apart. eg; The Himalayas.
      - EROSION: the wearing away of rock by win and weather, takes a long time to occur. eg; Grand Cannyon.
    - - a whole bunch of landforms put together
      - a place/area on Earth that has a certain type of geographical feature
  - - - having unlimited wants and limited needs, though not enough resources to fulfil all the wants.
- - - - salinity; the problem of less nutreint soil which makes the soil useless and land as so useless for farming
      - desertification only making problems worse and shrinking the space to make fresh food.
      - USING FOOD FOR BIOFUEL AND NOT FEEDING PEOPLE WITHOUT FOOD SECURITY
      - Australia won't find themselves facing a food crisis by 2050 due to almost 70% of food being exported over seas, meaning we only eat 20% of what actually is produced