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microbiology - Coggle Diagram
microbiology
Cell Wall isu10812060A
Function
Maintain the shape
Prevention
ingredient
peptidoglycan
Only in bacteria
Polymer of disaccharide
N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)
N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)
Different
Gram positive
Teichoic acids
Wall teichoic acid
Lipoteichoic acid
Thick peptidoglycan
Gram negative
Thin peptidoglycan
Outer membrane
Periplasmic space
Porin protein
Lipopolysaccharide
endotoxin
Gram Stain
Crystal violet-iodine (CV-I)
negative
CV-I crystals leave
positive
CV-I crystals do not leave
atypical
Archaea (古菌)
No peptidoglycan
Cannot be Gram-stained
Acid-fast cell walls (抗酸)
Like gram-positive
Waxy lipid (mycolic acid) + peptidoglycan
example
Nocardia (奴卡氏菌)
Mycobacterium (分枝桿菌)
Mycoplasma (黴漿菌)
Lack cell walls
Sterols in plasma membrane
Damage
Penicillin
inhibit peptide bridges
Protoplast
susceptible to osmotic lysis
cell wall entirely removed
lack cell wall
only partially removed
Lysozyme
digest disaccharide
hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages
Spheroplast
lackcell wall gram negative
susceptible to osmotic lysis
L forms are wall-less cells that swell into irregular shapes
For example "bacteria"
prokaryote cell 皆有的構造
Plasma membrane(細胞膜)
Cytoplasm(細胞質)
Nucleoid(類核體)
含有DNA，且沒有nuclear membrane(核膜)
70S Ribosomes
prokaryote cell 部分有的構造
Pilus(菌毛)
短，數量少，相較於Flagella粗
Capsule(莢膜)
cell wall更往外的一層
Fimbriae(線毛/繖毛)
全身都有，相較於Flagella短
Cell wall
most bacteria皆有，只有少數bacteria沒有
Flagella(鞭毛)
inclusions(內涵物?????)
plasmid(質體)
除了細菌本身的DNA，還有另外一小段的DNA，我們稱另外一小段的DNA為"plasmid"
Structures External to the Cell Wall
Glycocalyx(醣被/醣盞)
形容它?
sticky(黏黏的)
組成成分?
polysaccharide(多醣) & polypeptide(多胜肽)，混合成一層sticky polymer(聚合體)
在哪裡?
outside cell wall
two types
Capsule(莢膜)
補:thick glycocalyx
補:增加細菌毒性
neatly organized結構緊實
function
Slime layer(黏液層)
補:thin glycocalyx
補:驅使細胞運動，幫助細胞捕獲營養
unorganized and loose結構鬆散
function
function
