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Characteristics and Classification of Living Organism - Coggle Diagram
Characteristics and Classification of Living Organism
MRS.GREN
Movement: action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place
Respiration: the chemical reactions that break down nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy
Sensitivity: ability to detect or sense changes in the environment (stimuli) and to make responses
Growth: permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number or cell size or both
Reproduction: processes that make more of the same kind of organism
Excretion: removal from organisms of toxic materials, the waste products of metabolism (chemical reactions in cells including respiration) and substances in excess of requirements
Nutrition: taking in of nutrients which are organic substances and mineral ions, containing raw materials or energy for growth and tissue repair, absorbing and assimilating them
'Arthropods (Invertebrates with Legs)
Arachnids: (e.g. spiders)
2 body segment – cephalothorax and abdomen
Four pairs of legs
Pair of chelicerae to hold prey
Two pedipalps for reproduction
Simple eyes
Myriapods: (e.g. centipede)
Segmented body
Additional segments formed
One pair of antennae
70+ pairs of legs – 1 or 2 pairs on each segment
Fused head and thorax and segmented abdomen
Simple eyes
Insects: (e.g. bees)
3 body segments – head, thorax and abdomen
3 pairs of legs
1 pair of antennae
1 or 2 pairs of wings
Compound and simple eyes
Crustaceans: (e.g. crabs)
Have an exoskeleton
1 pair of compound eyes
2 body segment – cephalothorax and abdomen
More than four pairs of legs
2 pairs of antennae sensitive to touch and chemicals
Concept & Use of a Classification System
Classification systems aim to reflect evolutionary relationships
Binomial system: a system of naming species in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing the genus (starting with a capitol letter) and species (starting with a lower-case letter), written in italics when printed (therefore underlined when written)
e.g. Homo sapiens
Organisms can be classified into groups by the features that they share
KING PHILIP CAME OVER FOR GOOD SPAGHETTI
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
DNA is the chemical from which chromosomes are made
Each DNA molecule is made up of strings of smaller molecules containing four bases
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Organisms which share a more recent ancestor have base sequences in DNA that are more similar than those that share only a distant ancestor /
Vertebrates----MR FAB
Reptiles:
Scales on skin
Usually 4 legs
Lungs to breathe
Hard eggs
Fish:
Wet scales
External fertilization and soft eggs
Gills to breathe
Mammals
Fur/hair on skin
Can live on land and in water
4 legs
Lungs to breathe
Give birth to live young
Amphibians:
Smooth, moist skin
External fertilization and soft eggs
Gills/lungs to breathe so can live on land and in water
4 legs
Birds
Feathers on body and scales on legs
Have 2 legs and 2 wings
Lungs to breathe
Hard eggs
Kingdoms
Animal: Multi-cellular ingestive heterotrophs (eat living organisms)
Plant: Multi-cellular photosynthetic autotrophic (make their own food) organism with a cellulose cell wall.
Fungi: Single celled or multi cellular heterotrophic organism with cell wall not made of cellulose, spread by spreading of spores in moist/dark/warm environment, saprotrophs (feed off dead organisms) or parasites
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Prokaryotes: Single celled organism with no true nucleus
Protocist: Single celled organism with a nucleus
PLANTS
Flowering plants:
They are plants with roots, stems and leaves
Reproduce sexually by means of flowers and seeds
Seeds are produced inside the ovary in the flower
Ferns:
Do not produce flowers
They are plants with roots, stems and leaves
Have leaves called fronds
Reproduce by spores
Viruses and Bacteria
Dichotomous Keys
uses visible features to classify organisms. It is which gives you a choice of two features and you follow the one that applies: each choice leads to another choice until the organism is narrowed down to its genus and finally species.
