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Cardiovascular System, Manzo Valerie p.3 - Coggle Diagram
Cardiovascular System, Manzo Valerie p.3
Disorders of the cardiovascular system
Arrhythmia
any change in the normal sequence of the heartbeat
Coronary Artery Disease
hardening and narrowing of the coronary arteries, producing blockages in the vessels that carry blood to the heart
Cardiomyopathy
disease that causes the heart to become abnormally thickened, enlarged, or stiff
Heart Attack
happens when blood flow to the heart is severely reduced, due to the hardening and narrowing of the coronary arteries from the build-up of fat, cholesterol, etc
Heart Failure
the heart’s ability to pump is weaker than normal
Arrhythmia
change in the normal sequence of the heartbeat
Peripheral Artery Disease
occurs when fat and cholesterol deposits, or plaque builds up in the peripheral arteries
Congenital Heart Defects
Different than other types of heart conditions, congenital heart defects are seen at birth. These defects are not a disease they are abnormalities that occur while a fetus is developing
Anatomy of the heart
4 Valves
Pulmonary Valve
control blood flow out of the ventricles
Aortic Valve
control blood flow out of the ventricles
Tricuspid Valve
control blood flow from the atria to the ventricles
Mitral Valve
control blood flow from the atria to the ventricles
4 Chambers
Right Atrium
receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps into right ventricle
Right Ventricle
pumps the oxygen-poor blood to the lungs
Left Atrium
receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps into left ventricle
Left Ventricle
pumps the oxygen-rich blood to the body
Blood flow through the heart and body
The right ventricle pumps the oxygen-poor blood to the lungs through the pulmonary valve. Followed by the left atrium receiving oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumping it to the left ventricle through the mitral valve. Then the left ventricle pumps the oxygen-rich blood through the aortic valve out to the rest of the body.
Structural and functional differences between blood vessel types
Veins
support circulation by conveying blood to the heart, type of blood vessel that return de-oxygenated blood from your organs back to your heart
Capillaries
tiny blood vessels - form connections between the vessels that carry blood away from the heart and the vessels that return blood to the heart
Arteries
carries blood away from the heart, the blood vessels deliver oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the tissues of the body
Cardiac cycle and the ECG
Cardiac Cycle- comprises a complete relaxation and contraction of both the atria and ventricles
Inflow
Isovolumic contraction
Isovolumic relaxation
Ejection
ECG
Electrocardiography is the process of producing an electrocardiogram. It is a voltage versus time of the electrical activity of the heart using electrodes placed on the skin.
Layers of the heart
Epicardium
(outer layer) prevents excess expansion or movement of the heart
Myocardium
(middle layer) which initiates contractions that drive the cardiac cycle
Endocardium
(inner layer) lines the cavities and valves
Major functions of the cardiovascular system
Provides cells with nutrients
Protects the body against infection and disease
Circulating oxygen and removing carbon dioxide
Removes the waste products of metabolism
Helps regulate body temperature
Clotting stops bleeding after injury