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Qualitative Analysis - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Group I cations
      - Ammonium (NH4+)
        warm mixture to liberate NH3 gas
        NH4+ + OH- --> NH3 + H2O
    - - Ca2+ insol in XS
        Zn2+, sol in XS
        Al3+, sol in XS
        Pb2+ sol in XS
        
        conduct aq NH3 test to differentiate
        Zn2+, Al3+ and Pb2+
    - - Blue Cu2+, insol in XS
      - Green, Fe2+, insol in XS
      - red brown, Fe3+, insol in XS
  - - - Group I cations
        Ca2+
    - - Zn2+ sol in XS
        Al3+ insol in XS
        Pb2+ insol in XS
        
        conduct further test
        e.g. addition of aq chloride, sulfate, or iodide
        to differentiate between Al3+ and Pb2+
    - - Blue Cu2+, sol in XS
        dark blue soln formed
      - Green Fe2+, insol in XS
      - Red brown, Fe3+ insol in XS