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cloning and biotechnology - Coggle Diagram
cloning and biotechnology
IMMOBILIZED ENZYMES- help with resource conservation and expenses
allows enzymes to be retained rather than discarded- it can now be reused with another product
examples include washing powers use lipase to breakdown grease
immobilsation may alter the enzymes shape and function, can be expenive, enzymes may detach
can reuse enzyme, good for continuous operation
plant cloning
artificial- micropropagation-genetically engineer a plant that grows quickly/resistant to a disease
natural- vegetative propagation- taking cuttings of a plant and regrowing that
animal cloning
natural- mono-zygotic twins
artificial- SCNT (transferring a nucleus of a cell to a egg cell) or twinning (splitting of the embryo)
increase the yield and quality of agriculture and farming
decreased genetic diversity- increased risk to a singular disease
specialised equipment and expensive
ethical considerations with animal welfare
FOOD PRODUCTION
indirect- using enzymes to make food a into food b (bread)
direct- using enzymes to make food A (Quorn)
MEDICINE
insulin- synthetic human insulin developed by genetically modifying a bacterium. human insulin combined with a plasmid enabled the production fo vast quantities of insulin
penicillin- produced by the fungus penicillium- moder strains of this have been bred to become more eefective
CULTURING
lab- agar gel culturing bacteria
industry- bioreactor