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Oxford's classification of strategies - Coggle Diagram
Oxford's classification of strategies
Direct strategies: strategies that directly involve the target language.
Memory strategies: storing and retrieving of new information
Creating mental linkages
grouping
associating / elaborating
placing new words into context
Applying images and sounds
using imagery
semantic mapping
using key words
representing sounds in memory
Reviewing well
structures reviewing
Employing action
using physical response or sensation
using mechanical techniques
Cognitive strategies: understanding and producing new language
Practicing
repeating
formally practicing with sounds and wtiting system
recognizing and using formulas and patterns
recombining
practicing naturalistically
Receiving and sending messages
getting the idea quiockly
using resources for receiving and sending messages
Analyzing and reasoning
reasoning deductively
analyzing expressions
analyzing contrastively (across languages)
translating
transferring
Creating structure for input and output
taking notes
summarizing
highlighting
Compensation strategies: using the language despite large gaps in knowledge
Guessing intelligently
using linguistic clues
using other clues
Overcoming limitations in speaking and writing
switching to the mother tongue
getting help
using mime or gesture
avoiding communication partially or totally
selecting the topic
adjusting or approximating the message
coining words
using a circumlocution or synonym
Indirect strategies: strategies that support and manage language learning without directly involving the target language
Metacognitive strategies: controlling of learner's own cognition
Centering your learning
overviewing and linking with already known material
paying attention
delaying speech production to focus on listening
Arranging and planning your learning
finding out about language learning
organizing
setting goals and objectives
identifying the purpose of a language task (purposeful L/R/S/W)
planning for a language task
seeking language opportunities
Evaluating your learning
self-monitoring
self-evaluating
Affective strategies: regulating emotions, motivations, attitudes
Lowering your anxiety
using progressive relaxation, deep breathing or meditation
using music
using laughter
Encouraging yourself
making positive statements
taking risks wisely
rewarding yourself
Taking your emotional temperature
listening to your body
using a checklist
writing a language learning diary
discussing your feelings with someone else
Social strategies: learning through interaction with others
Asking questions
asking for clarification or verification
asking for correction
Cooperating with others
cooperating with peers
cooperating with proficient users of the new language
Empathizing with others
developing cultural understanding
becoming aware of others' thoughts and feelings