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CHAPTER2: NETWORK ACCESS - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER2:
NETWORK ACCESS
2.1.1
CONNECTIVITY DEVICE
REPEATER
operate in the physical layer of OSI
it interpret the data that they retransmit
One input and output
allows you to extend a network inexpensively
HUB
a repeater buy with more output port
accept signals from a transmitting node and repeats those signals to all other connected nodes
have limited features
merely repeats signals within a single collision
BRIDGES
connect two network segment by analysing incoming frames
make decision about where to direct them based on each frame's MAC address
SWITCHES
subdivide a network into smaller logical pieces
operate at the data link layer of the OSI model (modern switches can operate on the 3rd or 4th layer)
better use of limited bandwidth
more cost efficient than bridges
ROUTERS
multiport connectivity
directs data between nodes on a network
Can integrate LANs and WANs running at different transmission speeds and using variety of protocols
operate in the 3rd layer of the OSI model
WAP
allows a WIFI complaint device to connect to a wired network
mobility
the physical location where WIFI access to a WLAN is available
MODEM
(Modulation and Demodulation)
converts either digital signal to analog signal(modulation) or analog signal to digital signal(demodulation)
NIC(NETWORK INTERFACE CARD)
a type of hardware components (circuit board or chips)
installed on a computer so that is can connect to a network
designed for the use either for wired or wireless networks
On board NIC -expansion slot or peripheral bus
Wireless NIC -contain antennas to send/receive signals wirelessly
2.1.2
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE PHYSICAL LAYER STANDARD
OPEN
STANDARD
(encourage interoperability, competition and innovation)
I E E E (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
I A N A (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)
I C A N N (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers)
I T U (International Telecommunication Union)
T I A (Telecommunications Industry Association)
I E T F (Internet Engineering Task Force)
INTERNET STANDARDS
ISOC (Internet Society)
- promotes open development and evolution of internet use globally
INTERNET ARCHITECTURE BOARD (IAB)
- management and development of internet standards
INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE (IETF)
- develops, updates, and maintains internet and TCP/IP technologies
INTERNET RESEARCH TASK FORCE (IRTF)
- focused on long-term research related to Internet and TCP/IP protocols
INTERNET CORPORATION FOR ASSINGED NAMES AND NUMBERS (ICANN)
- coordinates IP address allocation and management of domain names
INTERNET ASSIGNED NUMBERS AUTHORITY (IANA)
- manages IP address allocation, domain name management and protocols identifiers for ICANN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS STANDARD
INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS (IEEE)
- dedicated to advancing technological innovation and creating standards in a wide area of industries including network
ELECTRONICS INDUSTRIES ALLIANCE (EIA
) - related to electrical wiring, connectors and network racks
TELECOMMUNICATION INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION (TIA)
- standards for radio equipment, cellular towers, voice-over IP(VoIP) devices and satellite communication
INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION-TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARIZATION SECTOR (ITU-T)
- standards for video compression, Internet Protocol Television(IPTV) and broadband communication
