She was a prats of the army that formed the Turkish nation and later served as a member of the Turkish parliament and as a professor of English literature. (SIO)

Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the president of the US during the Great Depression and WWII. Created the New Deal intended to stimulate the economy through government spending, financial sector reform and a safety net for those most in need. (GOV)

In Brazil, the world largest coffee producer, also experience the steep fall in coffee prices when cash-strapped North American and European consumers cut back on consumption. They had to destroy huge stockpiles of coffee by throwing it on the sea. (ECN)

-In Mexico, President Lazaro Cardenas nationalized the country’s petroleum industry arguing that the profits should help the Mexican people rather than enrich foreign companies. He also redistributed large amounts of land to peasant communities. (GOV)

Who was he? He was the prime minister of Italy and the world first fascist leader. For him extreme nationalism was the answer. Also know as II Duce, he founded the Italian Fascist Party and formed an alliance with Hitler’s Germany.

What did he do? He organized quasi-military groups made up largely of former soldiers, called Blackshirts, who assaulted socialists and communists in the streets.

His speeches were like most of politicians, and landowners and industrialists financed the fascist, favoring Mussolini. He would arrest opponents, outlawing competing political parties.

He formed corporations in which the state itself organized all citizens involved in a common undertaking.

Stepped during the Weimar Republic, with his National Socialist Party, he later would become the chancellor of Germany and dismantled the Weimar constitution. His ultranationalist policies led to persecution of communists and Jews, and his aggressive foreign policies started World War II. (GOV)

The National Socialist had a third of the seats in the Reichstag, and many affluent Germans voted for the National Socialists as a bulwark against communism. (GOV)

The Nazis abolished all other political parties and replaced Germany’s federal structure with a centralized dictatorship emanating from Berlin. Hitler reinforced a nee school curriculum, to teach fascism to the next generation, and he replaced the Boy Scouts and church-sponsored youth groups. He also censored filmmakers and writers. (GOV)

-He imposed the Nuremberg Laws, whish deprived Jews of all civil rights and forbade intermarriage between Jews and other Germans. (GOV)

-During the Great Purges, the execution by Stalin of many Old Bolsheviks he regarded as competitors for power. He ordered his secrete police to arrest many and even kill. (GOV)

Some factors limited liberal democracy, such as the power of civil service bureaucrats, who controlled policy together with the zaibatsu, Japan’s large industrial conglomerates. And the rising influence of the military and militaristic sentiment emphasizing national glory over individual liberty. (GOV)

Ultranationalists envisioned a new Asian economic system that would combine Japanese management and capital with the resources and cheap labor of East and Southeast Asia. The turning point was the invasion of Manchuria, which occurred when Japanese military officers defied the civilian government and League of Nations by occupying this northeaster Chinese providence, leading to the further militarization of Japanese government. (ECN)

In Turkey, with the end of the Ottoman empire, Mustafa Kemal, also knows as Ataturk, an Ottoman officer who led the nationalist army that established the Republic of Turkey in 1923. A reformer who established the secular traditions of the modern Turkish state, he served as its leader until his death. (GOV)

Greek-Turkish relation were fraught with tensions, leading to a massive population exchange that removed hundreds of thousand of Greeks westward across the Aegean to their proper country while a paralleled movement of Turks went eastward to what was now their own nation. (GOV)

He suspended the Brazilin constitution and declared the beginning of his new state, suppressing independent civil groups. (GOV)

Gandhi fought for the so-called Untouchables to have equality and full rights and recognition as human beings. Ahimsa, or absolute nonviolence, was at the center of his moral philosophy, and Satyagraha, or soul force, was the application of that philosophy to politics. He earned the title Mahatma, or Great Soul. (CDI)

The New Muslim League was a political party founded in British India to represent the interests of the Muslim minority. The party eventually advocated a separate nation for Indian Muslims: Pakistan. (GOV)

British would divide African into discrete tribes and played their leaders against one another to secure continued control. (GOV)

Nnamdi Azikiwe was a Nigerian nationalist who after gaining higher education in the US edited a newspaper and formed a cultural and political organization to unite West Africans against British colonialism. (SIO)

The Igbo Women War in 1929 was a rebellion led by women in colonial Nigeria who used traditional cultures practice to protest British taxation policies. (GOV)

The Japanese empire launched many attack on coastal China, and during the Rape of Nanjing, Japanese soldiers killed hundreds of thousands of civilians, using tactics such as gang rape and mutilation of children to spread terror among the population. (GOV)

The Spanish Civil War was a conflict between conservative nationalist forced, led by general Francisco Franco and backed by Germany and Republican forced backed by the Soviet Union. It was seem by many as a prelude to renewed world war. (GOV)

Joseph Stalin went against Hitler but he feared that without Western support his own army would be unable to withstand a German invasion. Other countries were scared of going into a war, since they still hadn’t fully recovered from the Great War. (GOV)

Only when Hitler invade Poland on September 1, 1939, Britain and France immediately declared war on Germany but took no active military steps to confront the German army. Later people across Europe, Africa, Asia and the Americas would be embroiled in a total war like humanity had never seen. (GOV)

During the WWI industries had turned its production especifically to producing goods that were needed by the armies, such as bullets and other weapons. (TEC)