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Reactivity Series and Redox - Coggle Diagram
Reactivity Series and Redox
Extractions of metals
A rock that has enough of a particular metal in it that makes it economically worth extracting is called an ore
A mineral is a rock which consists mainly of one chemical substance
Metals that are more reactive than carbon are extracted
using electrolysis
The ionic compound is molten or dissolved in a solution so the ions are free to move, and then the molten metal forms on the lining of the electrolysis cell (either the anode or the cathode) where it sinks and can be retrieved from the bottom
Metals that are less reactive than carbon are extracted
through a displacement reaction with carbon
The least reactive metals do not need extraction as they do not react to form ores
A blast furnace is used to extract iron
Blast furnace
This is used to extract iron from iron ore
Rust
Iron is the only element that rusts
Rust is hydrated iron oxide
Rust forms when iron, water, and oxygen are all present
Rusting is a redox reaction
The iron loses electrons (it is oxidised)
The oxygen gains electrons (it is reduced)
Since rust is unwanted in most cases, there are multiple different ways to prevent its formation
Painting, greasing, coating (prevents water and/or oxygen)
Alloying (prevents water and oxygen)
Sacrificial protection
Galvanising (prevents water and oxygen)
Alloys
An alloy is a mixture of a metal and one or more other elements
No set ratio
No chemical formula
Alloys are less malleable/more hard than pure metals, as the different types of elements in the alloy disrupts the regular lattice arrangement and stops the layers ions from sliding over each other
Uses of metals
Iron
Malleable
Not very hard
Has many different alloys
Steel
Alloy of carbon and iron
Mild steel
Copper
Malleable
Ductile
Unreactive
Good electrical and heat conductor
Aluminium
Low density
Electrical conductor
Redox reactions
Displacement reactions
Key terms
Redox reaction
Where something is reduced and something is oxidised
Oxidation
Gaining oxygen or losing electrons
Reduction
Loss of oxygen or gaining electrons
Oxidising agent
Something that oxidises something else (it gets reduced)
Reducing agent
Something that reduces something else (it gets oxidised)