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TOPIC 47, FACTORS CREATE THE RIGHT ENVIRONMENT - Coggle Diagram
TOPIC 47
4.The novel from the 1/2 18 & the 1/2 19th
Novel most imxtant literary form in engl and abroad. Published in instalment became fashionable.
SIR WALTER SCOTT
a great influence on the developm of the novel & achieved an outstanding success with it. ROB ROY, IVANHOE, THE TALISMAN or the WAVERLEY NOVELS became best-sellets over the world.
JANE AUSTEN
depicted her small corner of the Eng. scoierty with her novels Sense and Sensib. and Pride and prejudice. Devoted to create true charac. and naturalistic dialogues.
Bronte sisters
. Jane Eyre.her novel examines many sides of the circumstances of women. Jane controls her own life and, through all the difficulties and problems, becomes more independent. Anne Agnes Grey and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. Present a new vision of women and their emotions. Novels more realistic
George Eliot,
Mary Ann Evans.The Mill on the Floss and Middlemarch, she greatly depicts country people and she has a fine mind to analyse
the moral conseq. of her character's actions.
William Thackeray
-Vanity Fair- ironic and witty description of London's upper class sociery. Gentleman.
Thomas Hardy.
novelist who best reflects the problems of the last years of the century. His major titles are Tess of the d’Ubervilles and Jude the Obscure. Some of his novels caused offence, and they were even burnt in public. His tone is tragic
++ prose writers.
THOMAS CARLYLE
-philosophy. criticise the "laissez-faire" economy bc. it encouraged materialistic rel. between men.Symphathy for industrial poor and the need for greater democracy.
JOHN STUART MILL
, and his
utilitatrian philosophy
aiming for the greatest good for the greatest num. was also veryninfluential.
FRIEDRICH ENGELS AND KARL MARX
ideas were crucial. The conditions of the working class in England (life of the workers in Manchester), Das Capital, imxtant texts of political theory of the centuru, criticism of the whole capitalist system.
2.The spread of the IR & its consequences.
The IR took longer in other countries.
USA
provided a prompt response to the mechanization race. Its major contribution was a system for producing
interchang. metal parts.Belgium coal mines and blast furnaces, Germany chemical industry. Sweden's consumption boom and exports rise
also leading ex. of the spread of the IR worldwide in the 19th.
Consequ. and
far reaching effects.
Its the reason of our current lifestyle. 1-it introduced the factory system and established capitalism, the population hugely increased and social strata changed substantially.The middle class grew and was diversified, a new class was born.
Standards of living increased BUT hard living cond. of some were intensified and they
resented a feeling of servitude,
Industrial towns, overcrowded and polluted, unsanitary neigh. Slave trade also a source of enrichment.
Anti slavery mov. 1770s-Slavery Abolition At 1833
Social movements came onto the scene, first the
Luddites -
crafted workers unemployed because of mechanization- then, the beginning of
trade unions
.allowed in 1824.
The Chartist movement
demanding reforms, mainly suffrage.New political mov. born: socialism, anarchism and communism
3.Social & political changes through lit.
Rom. did not arrive in masse, nor dit it arrive with the French Rev. During the age of Reason precursors of this mov.
ROBERT BURNS:
ignoring the contraints of clasicism and poetic diction
.WILLIAM BLAKE
: with the exhaltations of the ind. and imagination.
Breaking point publication of
Lyrical Ballads in 1798
by Wordsworth an Coleridge. Preface kind of manifesto.Poetry was considered a vocation and romantics
went back to the Anglo-Germanic tradition, developed hostility towards the recent industri.
often denouncing the injustices suffered by the poorer classes, partic. children.
Importance of nature
versus the monstruos machines and factories.They often went back to nature or rural environments and scaped from big corrupted cities.
1.The British Industrial R.
dramatic, economic & social trasnf. mid 18-mid 19th.Shift home based prod, manual labour &agric.based socierty to a system of factory-based manufacturig including compley machinery, continual tech.growth & a new energy sources.
.
1.Geographical factors
:substantial mineral reso. (iron and coal)b-high quality coal reserves + abundant water power c-a great num- of navigable rivers and seaports.2.
B.agricultural improvements
(Norfolk system 4 field crop rotation) took an active role in the start of indust.Seed drills & iron ploughs allowed a better prod.Less labour force + food.3.
Good political & social environment
to start bussiness since the state fostered free-trade,& scientific & tech development.Political stability, no social upheavals or sudden changes.
4-The I enlightment
, no religion censorshop or state control in contrat to the rest of Europe.Men from diff backgrounds, scientist and insdustrialist meet to try to find practical app for their new discoveries, ideas or observations.
Coal
-The domestic demand, reinforced by a growing demand for prod. abroad, favoured the app. of the
steam engine
The development of the steam engine was a major turning-point which started up the Industrial Revolution., improved greatly by
James Watt
in 1765.
Iron-
this industry also felt the strain under increasing demand was iron-making, shortage of charcoal.
Textile & machine tech. the growth of demand in the 18th
pushed rural prod. out of its limits, especi. in spinning
. The answer was found in the inven. of machines.
The spinning jenny + the water frame by Richard Arkwright were invented.
FACTORS CREATE THE RIGHT ENVIRONMENT