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Chem - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Most Abundant, Non-Radioactive
    - - Prepared by the Electrolysis of Heavy Water, Non-Radioactive
    - - Unstable, Radioactive, Formed in the Upper Atmosphere by the Action of Cosmic Rays, Used as a Radioactive Tracer
- - - - Negatively-Charged Sub-Atomic Particles that Revolve in Circular Paths Called Shells/ Orbit Around the Nucleus, Discovered by J. J. Thomson, Charge to Mass Ratio of 1.78 x 10^8C/g, Charge of 1.602x10^-19C, Mass of 9.108 x 10^-28g, Possess a Specific Amount of Energy, Are Arranged in a Succession of Energy Levels or Orbits that Allow them to Revolve Around the Nucleus, Experiences an Outward Pull or Centrifugal Force Due to their Circular Paths, its Quantity in an Atom is Equal to that of the Quantity of Protons Denoted in the Atomic/ Proton Number (Z)
      - Discharge Tube
        
        a Sealed Glass Tube, Made by J.J.on High Voltage Supply, from a Metal Plate (Cathode), which when Connected to Negative Terminal of the Voltage Source, to another Metal Plate Opposite to it (Anode), which is Connected to the Positive Terminal, through a Gas at Low Pressure, Cathode Rays Discharge Between the two Plates, which Led to the Discovery of Electrons
      - Cathode Rays
        
        a Fluorescent Ray Seen when a High Voltage Current is Passed through a Discharge Tube, Made of Negatively-Charged (Proven by it's Characteristic of Bending Towards Positively Charged Plates), Fast-Moving Particles (Proven by its Ability of Rotating a Light-Weight Wheel) Particles which Travels in a Straight Line (Proven by its Ability to Cast a Shadow) Produces a Green Fluorescence on the Glass Opposite to the Cathode
    - - Neutron
        
        Neutrally-Charged Sub-Atomic Particle, Discovered by James Chadwick, 1.676 x 10^-24g
      - Proton
        
        Positively-Charged Sub-Atomic Particles, Discovered by Ernest Rutherford, has a Unfixed Charge to Mass Ratio which is Based on the Gas Used in the Discharge Tube, has a Mass of 1.672 x 10^-24g, has a Charge of 1.602 x 10^19C, its Quantity in a Atom is Denoted by the Proton or Atomic Number (Z)
        
        Discharge Tube
        
        a Sealed Glass Tube, Made by J.J.on High Voltage Supply, from a Perforated Metal Plate (Cathode), which is Connected to Negative Terminal of the Voltage Source, to another Metal Plate Opposite to it (Anode), which is Connected to the Positive Terminal, through a Gas at Low Pressure, Anode Rays Discharge from the Anode in the Direction Opposite to the Cathode Rays, which Led to the Discovery of Protons
        
        Anode/ Canal Rays
        
        a Purple, Fluorescent Ray Seen when a High Voltage Current is Passed through a Discharge Tube, Made of Positively-Charged (Proven by it's Characteristic of Bending Towards Negatively-Charged Plates), Fast-Moving Particles (Proven by its Ability of Rotating a Light-Weight Wheel) Particles which Travels in a Straight Line (Proven by its Ability to Cast a Shadow)
      - Very Dense and Hard, Positively-Charged Particle at the Centre of the Atom which Takes up only a Small Part of the Atom, Discovered by Ernest Rutherford, Consists of Protons and Neutrons, Held together Tightly by Strong Nuclear Forces, the Quantity of Sub-Atomic Particles in the Nucleus of an Atom is Denoted in the Nucleon or Mass Number (A)
      - Gold Foil Experiment
        
        Ernest Rutherford Bombarded 0.00004 Gold Foil with Alpha Particles, with Almost all Passing through but only a Few Deflected or Bounced Back Observed on a Photographic Plate, a Screen Coated in Zinc Sulphide, Discovering Nuclei
- - - - the Process in which New Substances with New Properties are Formed Caused by the Breaking of Old Bonds and the Making of New Ones
      - Types Based on Whether Heat is Released or Used
        
        Endothermic
        
        a Chemical Reaction in which Heat Energy is Absorbed from the Surroundings
        
        Exothermic
        
        a Chemical Reaction in which Heat Energy is Evolved into the Surroundings
      - Rate
        
        Time a Reaction Takes to Form a New Product
        
        Factors
        
        Concentration of Reactants
        
        Directly Proportional to the Rate
        
        Temperature
        
        Directly Proportional to the Rate
        
        Pressure
        
        Directly Proportional to the Rate
        
        Presence of a Catalyst
        
        Directly Proportional to the Rate
        
        Catalyst
        
        Substance that Increases the Rate of a Chemical Reaction without itself Undergoing any Permanent Chemical Change
        
        Types Based on the Difference of States Between the Catalyst and Heterogenous
        
        Heterogenous Catalyst
        
        1 more item...
        
        Homogenous Catalyst
        
        1 more item...
        
        Enzyme/ Biocatalyst
        
        Catalyst that React in a Biochemical Reaction
        
        Inhibitor
        
        Decreases the Rate of a Reaction
      - Types Based on How the Chemical Bonds are Broken and Made
        
        Combination/ Synthesis Reaction
        
        Two or More Substances Combine to Form a Single Substance
        
        Decomposition Reaction
        
        a Single Compound Splits into Two or More Simpler Substances
        
        Thermal Decomposition
        
        Decomposition Caused by Heat
        
        Electric Decomposition
        
        Decomposition Caused by an Electric Current
        
        Photodecomposition
        
        Decomposition Caused by Light
        
        Double Decomposition Reaction
        
        Two Compounds React by the Exchange of Ions to Form Two New Compounds
        
        Precipitation Reaction
        
        An Insoluble Solid, Precipitate is Separated from the Solution
        
        Neutralization Reaction
        
        An Acid Reacts with a Base to Form Salt and Water
        
        Displacement Reaction
        
        a More Reactive Element Displaces a Less Reactive Element in a Compound
        
        Redox Reaction
        
        Oxidation and Reduction Occur Simultaneously
        
        Oxidation
        
        Addition of Oxygen and Removal of Hydrogen, Removal of Electrons
        
        Oxidising Agent
        
        An Atom or a Group of Atoms which Accept Electrons During a Oxidation Reaction
        
        Reduction
        
        Addition of Hydrogen and Removal of Oxygen, Addition of Electrons
        
        Reduction Agent
        
        An Atom or a Group of Atoms which Lose Electrons During a Reduction Reaction
      - Electrolysis