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Essential Information in Academic Essay - Coggle Diagram
Essential Information in Academic Essay
Quotation with
citation
For example, students answer positively to a question such as “Nervousness during a test helps me to do better” (Alpert & Haber, 1960, p. 213).
Paraphrase with
citation
Paraphrased claim from the literature, with citations
Eysenck (as cited in Tobias, 1990, Cognitive capacity and drive theory section, para. 3) summarised the evidence for the relationship between task difficulty and anxiety and found that anxiety tended to facilitate performance on easy tasks and hinder it on difficult tasks.
Facilitative anxiety helps students succeed and has been found to be present in students with better results in tests of all kinds (Hembree, 1988, p. 59).
General statement
of the essay topic
Topic sentence
However, in some specific situations examination results are not negatively impacted by test anxiety.
Background sentence
As Burns (2004, p. 120) noted,
Introduction sentence
When the examination is less threatening, the impact of test anxiety is lower or even absent.
Comprehensive
position
If studies disagree, present the ideas you think are incorrect first
Give reasons as to why these ideas are not likely to be correct
Present the ideas that you think are true
A sentence of your own to explain and link
PARAGRAPH COHESION
Connective : linking ideas
Additionally,
However,
Hence
On the other hand,
Cohesive devices : referring to the same thing / labelling technique
He
They
CRITICAL THINKING
Presenting Academic Evidence
(Tobias, 1990).
(Hembree, 1988, 74).
Sarason (1984) used a number of experiments
From a different direction, Hembree (1988, p. 74) provided support
Evaluating the amount of support for the evidence
Musch and Bröder (1999, p. 108) also found
(Musch & Bröder, 1999, p. 105; Tobias, 1990).
Evaluation of claims
ample evidence
CONCLUSION
Link to the background as a means of highlighting the importance of the topic
While the question of anxiety has been studied for many years, it is still an important issue to consider as its presence does mean that a student’s knowledge is not fairly assessed during an examination.