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Viruses, Viroids, and Prions - Coggle Diagram

- - - - by viral or host enzymes
    - - by endocytosis or fusion
  - - - 特定的細胞
      - 特定寄主範圍
      - 特定受器
      - 例子：HIV
        
        特定受器
        
        CCR5(Co-receptor)
        
        CD4(Receptor)
    - - RNA
      - Retroviruses
      - DNA
- - - - add (or not) enzyme
        
        =
        
        Neucleocapsid
  - - - EX : Icosahedral (polyhedral virus)
  - - - add Glycoproteins and membrane
        
        =
        
        Enveloped Virus :
- - - - a group of viruses sharing the same genetic information and host
  - - - 大小
        
        picornaviruses(小RNA病毒)
      - 型態
        
        冠狀病毒
      - 核酸
    - - 疱疹病毒、肝炎病毒
    - - 反轉錄病毒
    - - 動物
      - 植物
      - 細菌
    - - 呼腸孤病毒、蟲媒病毒
    - - 腺病毒、腸病毒
    - - 西尼羅病毒、漢他病毒、伊波拉病毒
- - - - living animals
      - cell cultures
      - embryonated eggs
        
        Inoculation
        
        Chlorioallantoic
        membrane
        (絨毛尿囊膜)
        
        Amniotic
        (羊膜)
        
        Allantoic
        (尿囊)
        
        Yolk sac
- - - - Use antibodies to identify viruses in neutralization tests, viral hemagglutination,and Western blot
        
        Link Title
  - - - Link Title-Technique.aspx)
    - - https://case.ntu.edu.tw/blog/?p=35508
- - - - Sarcoma(肉瘤 cancer of connective tissue) in chicken
        
        Adenocarcinoma(cancer of gland) in mice
      - Oncogenes are derived from animal cells
    - - become integrated into the host cell's DNA and induce tumors(誘導腫瘤)
      - DNA
        
        Herpesviridae疱疹
        
        EB virus人類皰疹病毒第四型
        
        Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)鼻咽癌
        
        Poxviridae痘
        
        痘病毒
        
        黏液瘤（Myxoma）病毒
        牛痘（Vaccinia）病毒
        
        Adenoviridae腺
        
        腺病毒
        
        Papovaviridae乳頭多瘤
        
        Human papillomavirus(HPV) 人類乳突病毒
        
        cervical cancer子宮頸癌
        
        Hepadnaviridae肝
        
        B型肝炎病毒(HBV)
        
        Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)簡稱"肝癌"
      - RNA
        
        (Human T-lymphotropic virus )
        人類嗜T淋巴細胞病毒
        
        HTLV-1
        
        HTLV-2
        
        Retroviridae反轉錄
        
        Viral RNA is transcribed to DNA, which can integrate into host DNA
  - - - 通常在病毒感染後，可能需要經過很長一段時間，才會有癌症的表現
      - Not contagious(非接觸性傳染)
      - 並非所有病毒都能 induce cancer(誘發癌症)
    - - transform normal cells into cancerous cells
        
        cancerous cells特性
        
        increased growth
        
        loss of contact inhibition
        
        tumor-specific transplantation antigens(抗原), and T antigens
        
        integrated(鑲嵌插入) into the host cell’s DNA
        
        繼續誘發正常細胞癌化
- - - - on cell surface
  - - - accumulates in brain cells
      - forming plaques
        
        β-pleated sheet
- - - - 成分
        
        DNA
        
        ssDNA
        
        dsDNA
        
        RNA
        
        ssRNA
        
        sense
        
        antisense
        
        dsRNA
      - 型態
        
        直鏈
        
        數量
        
        一條
        
        兩條
        
        多條
        
        環狀
- - - - production of phage DNA and proteins
    - - assembly of phage particles
    - - phage lysozymeopens cell wall; tail sheath contracts to force tail core and DNA into cell
    - - phage lysozymebreaks cell wall
    - - phage attaches by tail fibers to host cell
  - - - 噬菌體回到 Lytic(溶解性的) Cycle