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B1 Cells - Coggle Diagram
B1 Cells
Characteristicd of living things
Growth
: a permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number or cell size or both
Reproduction
: the processes that make more of the same kind of organism
Sensitivity
: the ability to detect or sense stimuli in the internal or external environment and to make appropriate responses
Excretion
: the removal from organisms of toxic materials, the waste products of metabolism (chemical reactions in cells including respiration) and substances in excess of requirements
Respiration
: the chemical reactions that break down nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy for metabolism
Nutrition
: the taking in of materials for energy, growth and development; plants require light, carbon dioxide, water and ions; animals need organic compounds, ions and usually need water
Movement
: an action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place
Cell structures
The large
nucleus
is surrounded by a nuclear membrane to separate it from the cytoplasm
The
cell membrane
surrounds the cell
Cytoplasm
is found inside the cell and contains all the other cell structures
The
cell wall
is made of cellulose and surrounds the cell membrane in plant cells
Chloroplasts
are organelles found in the cytoplasm that are packed with the pigment chlorophyll and so are green in colour
Vacuoles
are large vesicles that take up a large part of the interior of plant cells
Function of the different parts of cells
Cell membrane
:
holds the cell together
controls substances entering and leaving the cell
Cell wall
:
gives the cell extra suport and defines its shape
Cytoplasm
:
supports cell structure
site of many chemical reactions
contains water and many solutes
Chloroplasts
:
site of photosynthesis, providing food for plants
the chlorophyll pigments absorb light energy needed for the reaction to occur
Nucleus
:
contains genetic material in chromosomes that control how cells grow and work
controls cell division
Vacuole
:
contains cell sap
used for storage of certain materials
also helps support the shape of a plant
Examples of specialized cells
red blood cell
sperm and egg cells
palisade mesophyll cell
root hair cell
ciliated cells
Calculating magnification
Magnification = image size / actual size
Actual size = image size / magnification
Image size = magnification x actual size
Microscopes
Light microscope can magnify 1500 times
Electron microscope can magnify 500 000 times
Comparation between plant and animal cells
Plant cells
:
have a cellulose cell wall outside the cell membrane
Have a cell membrane
Have cytoplasm
Have a nucleus
often contain chloroplasts containing chlorophyll
often have large vacuoles containing cell sap
often have starch grains
are often in regular shape
Animal cells
:
have no cell wall
have a cell membrane
have cytoplasm
have a nucleus
have no chloroplasts
have only small vacuoles
never have starch grains; sometimes have glycogen granules
are often in irregular shape