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GIT - Malnutrition - Coggle Diagram
GIT - Malnutrition
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Nutritional Deficiency
- Primary Nutrition Deficiency - reduced food intake
- i.e. Nutritional deficiency is indepenant of any underlying GIT disease
- Secondary Nutrition Deficiency - either reduced food intake secondary to another condition (e.g. Alcoholism) or nutritional deficiency secondary to defective absorption of food (e.g. Crohn's)
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Clinical Correlations
- Global Nutritional Deficiency - deficiency across all essential nutrients, and effects of malnutrition presents to all body systems (global0)
- In Children
- Marasmus - calorie deficiency
- Kwashiorkor - protein deficiency with adequate carbohydrate intake
- Selective Nutritional Deficiency - deficiency of specific vitamins, minerals or macromolecules, leading to specific manifestations of disease
Immunocompromised
- Severe malnutrition leads to immunodeficiencies - absent dietary protein substrates for immune molecules
- Present with infection
- Infectiion Exacerbates Malnourished state - since cytokine release and energy demands required to sustain inflammatory response further compromise pt's status
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Diagnosis
- Provisional Diagnosis predicated upon patient History - identify dietary any insufficiencies or gastrointestinal problems
- Physical Examination - pallor, dyspnoea, weakness
- Request blood tests - checking for evidence of selective nutritional deficiency
- FBC
- Anaemia on Histology - Histopathology of blood film may indicate anaemia
- CRP - inflammatory process (cachexia)
- ESR - inflammatory process (cachexia)
Clinical Signs and Symptoms
Variable and dependent on whether nutritional deficiency is selective or global and in which micro/macro nutrient individual is deficient
