Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Lymph Immune System Yasmin Reyes Period 3 - Coggle Diagram
Lymph Immune System Yasmin Reyes Period 3
Major Functions of the Lymphatic and Immune System
Lymphatic System Functions: Comprised of a network of vessels that assist in the circulation of body fluids. Lymphatic Vessels collect and carry away (one way) excess fluid from interstitial spaces and special vessels called lacteal transport fats to the circulatory system. The organs, cells and biochemicals of the lymphatic system help defend against disease.
Immune System Function: Functions as the body's defense against infections pathogens
Pathogens are a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease.
Anatomy of the Lymphatic System
Drain excess fluid from tissue
Play an essential role in the body defenses and resistance to diseases
Return clean fluids and leaked proteins back to the blood
Innate (Natural) Immune defenses and Adaptive (Acquired) Immune defenses
Adaptive (specific) defense
Develop slowly (takes time). "Body learns" this during lifetime. Carried out by lymphocytes that recognize a specific invader.
Innate (non-specific) defense
Responds rapidly. "Born with it". Includes species resistance, mechanical barriers, chemical barriers, natural killer cells, inflammation, phagocytes and fever
Humoral-Mediated Immunity vs. Cell-Mediated Immunity
Cellular response
Mode of action: Directs cell-to-cell contact or secreted soluble products
Purpose: Primary defense against extracellular pathogens: viruses and fungi, extracellular bacteria (also tumor antigens and graft rejection)
Cell Type: T Lymphocytes
Mechanism: Cell-mediated
Humoral response
Cell type: B Lymphocytes
Mode of Action: Antibodies circulating in serum
Mechanism: Antibody-mediated
Purpose: Primary defense against extracellular pathogens: extracellular bacteria and circulating virus
Antigens and Antibodies
Antibodies
Soluble protein secreted by plasma cells (that are derived by B cells)
Carried by body fluids, capable of binding specifically to antigens
There are five major types of antibodies= IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE
IgG: Marks microbes so other cells can recognize and deal with them
IgM: Is expert at killing bacteria
IgA: Congregates in fluids, such as tears and saliva, where it protects gateways into the body
IgE: Protects against parasites and is also to blame for allergies
IgD: Stays bound to B lymphocytes, helping them to start the immune response
Antigens
In order for T-cells to be activated antigens must be in the presence such as B cells or macrophages that has encountered the antigens
Components of the Immune System
Thymus
Located behind the sternum, above the heart; it shrinks in size during the lifetime. The thymus secretes hormones called thymosins
Thymosins are hormones that secrete from the thymus. Their main function is to stimulate the production of T cells
Blood cells
Monocyte
Large white blood cells that reside in the blood stream that specialize in engulfing and digesting cellular debris, pathogens and other foreign substances in the body.
Lymphocyte
Immune cells found in the blood and lymph tissue
Neutrophil
A type of white blood cell, granulocyte, and phagocyte that aids in fighting infection.
Eosinophil
A type of immune cell; leukocyte or white blood cell. They fight infection or cause inflammation
Basophil
Type of phagocytic immune cell that has granules. Inflammation causes basophils to release histamine during allergic reactions
Macrophage
Large white blood cells that reside in tissues that specialize in engulfing and digesting cellular debris, pathogens and other foreign substances in the body
Erthrocyte
a red blood cell that is typically a biconcave disc without a nucleus
Platelets
A small colorless disk-shaped cell fragment without a nucleus, found in large numbers in blood and involved in clotting
Bone Marrow
Site of blood cells and immature lymphocyte formation and B lymphocyte or B cell maturation
T-Lymphocytes
Cause direct destruction of virus invaded cells and mutant cells
B Lymphocytes
Secrete antibodies that indirectly lead to the destruction of foreign material
Disorders associated with the Immune System
Immune system disorders
Temporary acquired immune deficiencies. Your immune system can be weakened by certain medications
AIDS, HIVS which cause AIDS is an acquired virus infection that destroys important white blood cells and weakens the immune system.
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). This is an example of an immune deficiency that is presented at birth.
An overactive immune system
Asthma. It can be triggered by common allergens like dust or pollen or by an irritant like tobacco smoke
Eczema. An allergen causes an itchy rash known as atopic dermatitis
Allergic rhinitis. Sneezing, a runny nose, sniffling, and swelling of your nasal passages.
Autoimmune disease
Rheumatoid arthritis. This causes swelling and deformities of the joints.
Lupus.This disease that attacks body tissues, including the lungs, kidneys, and skin.
Type 1 diabetes. The immune system attacks the cells in the pancreas that makes insulin