Genetics Mind map

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GMO: any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.

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Gene: a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent

Sexual Reproduction: The production of new living organisms bycombining genetic information from two individuals of different types (sexes).

Gametes: a mature haploid male or female germ cell which is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.

Allele: One or two more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.

Phenotype: The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype

Genotype: Genotype: the genetic constitution of an individual organism. Bb, BB, bb

Punnett Square: A square that can be used to find the possible genotypes

Heterozygous : having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes. Bb

Homozygous: having two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes. BB, bb

Incomplete dominance: when a dominant allele, or form
of a gene, does not completely mask the effects of a recessive allele

Recessive:

Co-dominance: When both phenotypes show.

Chromosomes: : a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes

Meiosis: a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information

Mutation: the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations

sex cells: gametes

diploid: containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Haploid: having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.

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Recessive: The less likely genotype to show. bb

Genetic Diversity: is the total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species

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Genetic Variation: can refer to differences between individuals or to differences between populations