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Diabetic nephropathy - Coggle Diagram
Diabetic nephropathy
physiology of the kidneys
water balance
sodium removal
erythropoietin synthesis
recovery of bicarbonate
potassium balance
removal of urea and creatinine
vitamin D activation
Calcium balance
Aldosterone secretion
pathologies might happen
kidney anatomy
Anatomical position
extend from T12 to L3
right kidney is slightly lower due to the presence of the liver.
retroperitoneal
Coverings of the kidney
renal fascia
perirenal fat
pararenal fat
fibrous capsule
parts of the kidney
2 surfaces
anterior and posterior
2 borders
medial and lateral
2 ends
upper and lower poles
anterior kidney relations
left kidney
Suprarenal gland
Spleen
Stomach
Tail of Pancreas, splenic vessels
Left colic flexure
Coils of Jejunum
right kidney
Suprarenal gland
Liver
Descending part of the duodenum
Right colic flexure
Coils of jejunum
posterior kidney relations
left and right kidneys
Diaphragm
11th and 12th ribs in left kidney / 12th rib in right kidney
Psoas major
quadratus lumborum
transversus abdominis
Subcostal nerve
iliohypogastric nerve
ilioinguinal nerve
blood supply
renal artery
renal vein
nephron parts
Renal corpuscle (glomerulus within Bowman's capsule)
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle (thick and thin segments)
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
internal structure of the kidneys
Cortex
Medulla
Renal pyramids
Minor calyx
Major calyx
Renal pelvis
Ureter
structures determines what functions takes place
Abnormal urea
thus the need of
proteinuria
glomerular proteinuria
Tubular proteinuria
mixed proteinuria
prerenal proteinuria
postrenal proteinuria
glycosuria
hematuria
ketonuria
hemoglobinuria
myoglobinuria
pyuria
bacteriuria
Pharmacological management of diabetic nephropathy
might need non - pharmacological treatments
antihypertensive medications
diuretics
ACE inhibitors
calcium channel blockers
Glycaemic control
lipid lowering agents
GLP-1 RA
Non- pharmacological management of diabetic nephropathy
to have better prognosis and prevent complications
kidney transplant
Dialysis
nutritional
pancreatic islets cell transplant
investigations for diabetic nephropathy
to be able to diagnose and give the best treatment
imaging test
CT scan
ultrasound
urine test
urinalysis
urine protein
microalbuminuria
creatine clearance
blood test
serum creatinine
GFR
Blood urea nitrogen
biopsy
pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy
which might lead to
a series of complex molecular pathways determining a microvascular disease are involved.
thickened glomerular basement membrane
mesangial expansion
disruption of podocytes
the damage decreases GFR
hyperfiltration
albuminuria
renal failure
Nephrotic syndrome and kidney failure
result in abnormalities like
nephrotic syndrome
is a collection of symptoms due to kidney damage.
causes
primary
Minimal change disease
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Membranous glomerulonephritis
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
IgA nephropathy
secondary
Lupus nephritis
Amyloidosis
Hypersensitivity
Malignancy
complications
Blood clots
Malnutrition
Infections
High blood pressure
Chronic kidney diseases/ kidney failure
Prognosis and complications of diabetic nephropathy
to return the structure and function back to normal
complications
diabetic retinopathy
chronic kidney disease
pregnancy complications
foot sores
fluid retention
cardiovascular disease