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Chapter 28 - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 28
Social
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The Universal Automatic Computer was the first significan computer of the 1950s. 1st computer able to both alphabetical and numerical information easily.
Remington Rand wanted to use a UNiVAC to predict the election of the 1952 election for CBS television news.
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The soviet Union announces that they are going to launce the earth-orbiting satellite Sputnik into outer space. In 1957.
The U.S. didn't like that they were beat by them and were motivated to go to space. (imporve scientific education, create more research laboratories and spped development of America's exploration of outer space.
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Created in 1958 through the creation of NASA which selected it's first American space Pilots or astronauts. First manned space program.
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Dr. Benjamin Spock author of "BABY AND CHILD CARE" was a book on child rearing. He wanted children to learn and grow and realize their potential.
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William H. Whyte Jr. wrote THE ORGANIZED MAN which described the mentality of a worker in a buereaucratic setting. Self reliance was losing place to the ability to "get along" and "work as a team"
Beat writers were people who spoke out against bureaucracy and of middle-class society in general. They critiqued what they considered sterility and conformity of American life. Mostly the younger generation.
Americans lived life expecting to live lavish lives in the future but almost all of them had obstacles in their way.
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Payola scandal where when music producers paid station owners and disc jockeys to encourange them to play their songs to get popularity. They exposed in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
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Mecanizatoin of cotton picking and other parts of agricultural life worked to decrease numbers on the farm.
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African Americans moving from rural areas to urban then not getting work and living in poverty in suburban towns constituted the poverty there.
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There were many factors to why people think so much poverty was going on, but I think it was a result of the racism that kept African Americans from obtaining jobs in the cities and which kept them in poverty belonging to employers looking for cheap labor.
"URBAN RENEWAL" was the response to the poverty in the suburbs which was the effort to tear down cities and basically upgrade them.
An African American Girl had to travel several miles to get to an African American School, when there was a white school right next door.
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka considered legal segregatio nof a Kansas public school system.
cheif Justice Earl Warren explained that several thought the separate, but equal was unjust.
The Court issued another decision (Brown II) which encouranged the desegreation of schools by communities, but left that up to the lower courts.
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There were many officals (souther governors, mayors, etc...) that opposed desegregation.
There were shadow laws that allowed for segration (like putting kids in classes according to their ability) but in the Supreme Court case (SHUTTLESWORTH V. BIRMINGHAM BOARD OF EDUCATION) didn't want to say that they were unconstitutional.
President Eisenhower was skeptical of the Brown Decision, but when an angry white mob tried to prevent blacks coming into their school Eisenhower sent the Arkansas National Guard and then Central High School admitted its first black studnets.
Rosa Parks who didn't give up her seat was seen as a hero in the African American community in 1955 December 1.
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McCarthy overreached and attacked Secretary of the Army Robert Steevns and the armed services in general. Members of congress organized special investigation of the charges which became known as the McCarthy hearings.
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Government
Dulles had the massive retaliation policy which said that they were going to use nuclear power on opps.
On July 27, 1953 Korea was split to North and South Korea.
In Southeast Asia Vietnam a colony of France was under opposition from natinalists, led by Ho Chi Minh, a communist.
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Israel was seen as a new state, but Palestinian Arabs didn't really like that and fought against them in many wars.
Gamal Abdel Nasser leader of Egypt was friendly with the communists so Dulles withdrawed troops etc... Nasser didn't really like this and seized control of the Suez Canal from the British.
This could've lead to a war because had the U.S. joined the Arabs would've teamed up with the Communists and caused a new world war.
Eisenhower, pressued the French and British to withdraw and helped persuade Israel to agre to a truce with Egypt.
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Fidel Castro resisted the Batista regime in Cuba and his movement was gaining strength. Batista would leave to Spain because of exhile and Castro woud take over Havana and establish a new government.
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Hungarian Dissidents launced a popular uprising to demand democratic reforms. Soviet forces crushed the uprising and restored pro-Soviet regime. The Eisenwhoer administration refused to intervene. This soured relations between the Soveit Union and the West.
Days before Khrushchev and Eisenhower were going to meet in Paris, the Soviet Union found out that an American U-2 spy plane was shot down. This upset Khrushchev and he canceled future meetings.
intelect
The first Hydrogen Bomb was detonated which derives it's power from Fusion (the Joining of lighter atomic elemetns with heavier ones). It was more powerful than fission bombs.
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intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBM) were created to cross oceans to attack other nations. They went into space.
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Fuel was a problem so in 1958 scientists created a solid fuel to replace liquid fuels and created guidance systems so that they hit they're target.
The Minuteman a new generation of the missle with a range of a few thousand miles became the basis of the American atomic weapons arsenal.
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Economy
Industry was increasing and more people using cars and needing more factories etc... lead to an increase in industrialization in the west.
Keynesian Economics by John Maynard Keynes was that by varying the flow of government spending and taxation and managing the supply of currency the government could stimulate the economy to cure recession and dampen growth to prevent inflation.
Number of companies in charge were decreasing. This caused employers to give workers benefits as to avoid Unionization.
Postwar Contract gave workers in steel, automobiles, etc... increases in wages and other benefits but they had to agree not to unionize.
The economic successes caused the American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations to merge and create the AFL-CIO.
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