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Colonic Diseases - Coggle Diagram

- - - - markedly increased frequency of defecation
      - decreased fecal volume
      - mucus often present
      - hematochezia
      - tenesmus
      - high urgent
      - dyschezia
      - does NOT cause
        
        weight loss
        
        lethargy
        
        anorexia
        
        hypoalbuminemia
    - - oftentimes normal
      - frankblood
      - pain of rectal
  - - - variable changes
        
        CBC
        
        chem
        
        UA
      - fecal exam
      - abdo rads but usually normal
    - - GI panel
      - fecal culture if looking fo specific organism
      - infectious disease PCR testing
      - rectal scrape cytology
      - US/CT
        
        thickened colonic wall
        
        enlarged LNs
    - - colonoscopy
        
        histopathology
        
        FISH staining
  - - - underlying cause rarely ID'd
      - IBD
        
        if localized to colon, don't tend to see
        
        :forbidden: vomiting
        
        :forbidden: weight loss
        
        :forbidden: anorexia
        
        :forbidden: lethargy
        
        treatment
        
        diet options
        
        highly digestible diet
        
        hydrolyzed protein
        
        high/soluable fiber diet
        
        immunosuppressive therapy
        
        prednisone (first line)
        
        secondary IBD agents
        
        sulfasalazine
        
        anti-inflammatory
        
        localizes to distal colon
        
        safe to use with steroids
        
        granulomatous colitis
        
        form of colitis in young boxers of course
        
        CS
        
        cachexia unusual in colon!
        
        hypoalbumenia odd in colon!
        
        severe LI diarrhea
        
        poor response to standard therapies
        
        ulcerated mucosal lesions on endoscopy
        
        diagnosis
        
        histopath
        
        macrophage infiltration in colonic wall
        
        FISH stain
        
        adherent-invasive E.coli
        
        bacteria leave superficial colon and invade mucosa
        
        treatment
        
        4-8w enrofloxacin
- - - - low rate of metastasis
      - exs.
        
        adenocarcinoma
        
        lymphoma
        
        GI stromal tumors
    - - polyp
      - adenomatous polyps
        
        can become aggressive adenocarcinoma
  - - - exs.
        
        adenocarcinomas
        
        lymphoma
        
        mast cell tumor
      - high rates of local metastasis
- - - - perinanal swelling
      - tenesmus
      - dyschezia
      - licking
      - scooting
      - hematochezia
      - mucus
      - systemic signs are rare
  - - - intact, male dogs
      - protrusion of rectal wall +/- other organs
      - get a surgeon
    - - adematous polyps
      - anal gland carcinoma
    - - young
      - assocaited with diarrhea
    - - congenital defects
        
        colon and rectum don't form correctly
        
        stricture, possibly no connection
    - - "canine anal furunculosis"
      - ulcerated draining tracts
      - German Shepherds
      - medical management
        
        topical tacrolimus
        
        oral immunosuppressants
  - - - rectal exam
        
        anal tone
        
        fecal compostion
        
        rectal masses
        
        anal glands
        
        lymph nodes
        
        pelvic uethra
        
        vaginal mass (F)
        
        +/- bladder masses
        
        pelvic canal
        
        rectal mucosa
    - - US (limited value)
      - cytology esp for mass
    - - CT including pelvis
      - colonoscopy