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CAUSES OF WWII AXIS VS ALLIED - Coggle Diagram
CAUSES OF WWII AXIS VS ALLIED
TREATY OF VERSAILLES
TERMS TO THE TREATY
return of Alsace Lorraine to France
Surrender of all German colonies as league of nation mandates
cession of Eupen-Malmedy to Belgium, Memel to Lithuania, the Hultschin district to Czechoslovakia
bosania, parts of East Prussia adn Upper Silesia to Poland
Danzig, to become a free city
plebiscites to be held in Northern Schleswig to settle Danish-German frontier
demilitarisation + 15 year occupation of the Rhineland
prevent Germany from being an aggressive power + weakening them adn also allowing for an invasion by France
German reparations of £6,600 billion
ban on union of Germany and Austria, respect Austrian independence
an acceptance of Germany's guilt in causing the war
provision for the trial of the former Kaiser Wilhelm,II + other war Leaders
never actually happen as were Wilhelm sough assylum in the Netherlands declined to extradite gimpier and he eventually died there, allies did put 17 other germans on trial on allegations ranging from: looting, sinking a hospital ship. some acquitted but the guilty generally served light sentences
Limitatation of army & weapons
limitation of Navy
30 nations attended including the BIG FOUR: France, UK, Italy and the US
PROVISIONS
MILITARY
reduced the size of Germany's army from 1.9 million to a minuscule 100,000 men and mandated the force shall be devoted to the maintenance of order within the territory and to control the frontiers
was even a strict limit on number of infantry, artillery and engineers and limits officer corps to 4,000. basically rendered Germany's army useless and weak so they would not be able to become and aggressive power again
disarmed the military limiting the number of weapons and ammunition they could posses. Eg. smaller artillery piece were allotted 1500 rounds, while larger guns received just 500 shells
they could only manufacture new war materials in the very few Allied approved factories and were forced to turn over equipment such as tanks, machine guns and telephones
reduced Germany's naval force to the bare minimum, six battleships, six light cruiser, 12 destroyers and 12 torpedo boats and eliminated their submarine fleet as a whole which had once terrorised ships in the Atlantic
prohibited Germany from having an airforce
Zeppelins which had been used to bomb the UK were also banned
ECONOMIC
£6,600 Billion in reparations
Germany were already indeed financial trouble due to the former imperial regimes trick of printing a large amount of currency as well as borrowing heavily to cover its military expenditures
loss of colonies
turn over coal mines in Saar Basin - France (technically under the control of the League of Nations
after a 15 year period, a plebiscite as held to decide if they were to be French or German 90% voted to be a part of Germany
took territory of Alsace Lorrain, returned to France
dismantle fortifications along the Rhine River
renounce territorial claims adn recognise Czechoslovakia's independence
gave way had prior been German West Prussia + other territory to from Poland
stripped of its colonies in China and Africa, Humbling provision, as to be a European power you would need to have colonial possessions
loss of valuable land
used for natural resources
FAILURE OF LEAGUE OF NATIONS
failed to take action against Mussolini when he invaded abynissia as well as other imperial invasions adn facists nations - hitler adn Nazi Party
RISE OF HITLER
anti-semitism, propaganda used to influence
nationalism
led from anger from imagined betrayal of their own during the First World War
promised a new start and an end to suffering
violated the treaty by
REARMING GERMANY
, as well as
re-militerised the rhineland
and
joining union with Austria
after bullying the British and French to a abandon another provision of the treaty by giving into his territorial demands upon Czechoslovakia in 1939, the Nazi leader sufficiently emboldened to invade Poland which triggered the start to
Wordl War II
in
1939
taking land from Czechoslovakia, which is crucial for their resources
after Nazi Party is elected Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany leading the party
30 January 1933
had originally tried to rise to power during the
Beer Hall Putsch
in an attempt to overthrow the German government, he was later charged with treason, served only eight months in prison
a rise in racism, militarism and nationalism in Germany die to tough economical and political conditions following the war
POLICY OF APPEASEMENT
breaches broken
Anschluss: unification of Austria and Germany
12 march 1938
re-militeriseation of the Rhineland
7 march 1936
re arming Germany
Late 1930s
allies were wary, did not step in as they feared a Second World War
hitler and the Nazi Party gained power during this time as the allies would appease them and they gained confidence and power as they broke the breaches the allies were fools to do nothing
the allies were also hesitant to re arm as they were financially unstable adn did not want to re-arm in case there was no war
took over the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was crucial for resources as well as mines and natural gas, rendered the Czechs without resources and unable to arm themselves
15 September 1938
the British PM Neville Chamberlin met with hitler to discuss the Sudetenland
29-30 September 1938
Germany, Italy, Great Britain, and France sign the Munich agreement, states that Czechoslovakia must surrenders its border regions and defences in the Sudeten land to Nazi Germany
although in the previous year agreeded to the Munich agreement stepped back and in
March 1939
agreed to defend Poland from any Nazi invasion, as they were worried as Hitler had invaded Czechoslovakia which unlike Austria was a non-German country
Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union shocked the world in
August 1939
shortly prior to WWII signed the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact which they claimed to take no military action for the next ten years,
was only signed by the soviets to buy time, eventually joined the allies
Blitzkrieg
is a type of offensive warfare, Such an attack ideally leads to a quick victory, limiting the loss of soldiers and artillery.
the lighting war
1st of September 1939
attacks Poland and German troops cross the border
3 September 1939
Following Germany's invasion in Poland, Britain and France both Allies of the overrun. nation declared war on Nazi Germany
JAPANESE EXPANSION
Marco Polo Bridge Incident
JULY 7 1937 conflict with Chinese and Japanese troops outside beiping
Over 6 weeks Imperial Japanese Army force brutally murdered hundreds of thousands people including soldiers and civilians in the Chinese city of nanking
developed into rare between the two countries
considered the prelude to the pacific side of WWII
BACKGROUND: 1931 mukden/manchurian incident Japanese fictions clash with china over railway and invaded china over resources
seizure of Manchurian city of mukden by Japanese troops
1931
followed by Japanese invasion of all of manchuria, establishing Japanese -dominated state of manchuko (modern day manzhouguo in the area)
Incident was strived by Japanese army with OUT the authorisation of the Japanese government, to justify the invasion that followed
contribuited to the international isolation of Japan and is seen as a crucial event leading up to the outbreak of World War II
were going to invade south-east (British and US colonies) to broaden resources and power
lead to them going to bomb pearl harbour regardless if hitler declared a war or not in 1939
Japans need for resources, power and expansion adn methods would have caused a World war regardless of hitler and Nazi Germany
Mosolini invades abynissia and plans to invade other countries for resources would have caused a world war regardless of hitler