6.2.1 d) Hadron collider and Higgs bosen

Technology used

year discovered

Scientific law/theory/model

Previous law/theory before technology

evidence collected by tech

impact of tech on law/theory

10th Sept. 2008

first started

Large Hadron Collider

particle accelerator

largest

most powerful

27km ring

superconducting magnets

Hadron

accelerators proton or ions

Collider

particles form 2 beams

travel in opposite directions

collide at 4 points

ATLAS

volume detector

detect some of tiniest energetic particles

CMS

general purpose detector

studying Standard Model

accelerates proton

almost speed of light

recreate Big Bang conditions

kinetic energy transforms to matter

occasionally create heavy particles

Higgs Boson

Higgs Boson

discovered Higgs Boson

4th July 2012

Higgs proposed #

energy field that permeated universe

because

lack of understanding

some subatomic particles

large mass

others

little or no mass

Standard Model of Particle Physics

2 grey cones

jets of particles that decayed from

Higgs particle

click to edit

CMS and ATLAS

allow particles to be detected by LHS

CMS

tracks key position

momentum of particle calculated

ATLAS

detects interaction of particles with material

at certain points

momentum of particle calculated

Higgs Boson decay

subatomic particle decays

1 photon

2 Lepton

check accuracy of Standard Model of Physics #

last hold-out particle hidden

proved

Higgs Boson particle existed

Space exploration

reproduce conditions

analysis of the byproducts of collision

evidence

structure of subatomic world

law of nature governing it

accelerate particles to high kinetic energies

impact other particles

further investigation into dark matter

billionith of a second after Big Bang

collide beams of high energy protons/ions

colossal speeds

validates Standard Model

mechanism of mass generation

explain

how basic building blocks of matter interact

Fundamental Particles

basic building blocks

Quarks and Leptons

each consist of 6 particles

generations

increases unstableness

explains 3/4 forces

explains

strong force

very short range

subatomic level

strongest

electromagnetic force

stronger than gravity

infinite range

weak force

very short range

subatomic level

does not explain

gravitational force

weakest

infinite range

new particle announced

mass 125-127 GeV/c^2

suspected Higgs Boson

behave, interact, decay similar

why some particles have mass

How do subatomic particles gain mass?

Peter Higgs suggested LHC

close ties between weak + electromagnetic force

scientist had no way to determine Higgs field

technology needed

LHC

no Higgs Boson

no world

as particles not able to stick together

particles float aimlessly