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Unit VI, Social Reform - Coggle Diagram
Unit VI
WW1,2 and Aftermath
Zimmerman Telegram - The Zimmermann Telegram was a secret diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office in January 1917 that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico. If the United States entered World War I against Germany, Mexico would recover Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico.
War Industries Board -- The War Industries Board was a United States government agency established on July 28, 1917, during World War I, to coordinate the purchase of war supplies between the War Department and the Navy Department
Sedition Act - Sedition Act of 1918 (1918) The Sedition Act of 1918 curtailed the free speech rights of U.S. citizens during time of war. Passed on May 16, 1918, as an amendment to Title I of the Espionage Act of 1917, the act provided for further and expanded limitations on speech.
Fourteen Points - The Fourteen Points was a statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations in order to end World War I. The principles were outlined in a January 8, 1918, speech on war aims and peace terms to the United States Congress by President Woodrow Wilson
League of Nations - The League of Nations, abbreviated as LON, was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. Founded on 10 January 1920 following the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War, it ceased operations on 20 April 1946
Treaty of Versailles - The Treaty of Versailles was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers.
Fireside Chats - A series of evening radio addresses given by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt between 1933 and 1944.
Nazi Party - A far-right political part ijn General active between 1920 and 1945, that created and supported the ideology of Nazism.
Neutrality Acts 1935 - Prohibits the export of “arms, ammunition, and implements of war” from the United States to foreign nations at war and requiring arms manufacturers in the United States to apply for an export license.
Munich Conference - An agreement concluded at Munich on 30 September 1938, by Germany, the United Kingdom, the French Third Republic, and the Kingdom of Italy.
Lend-Lease Act - approved by Congress in March 1941, had given President Roosevelt virtually unlimited authority to direct material aid such as ammunition, tanks, airplanes, trucks, and food to the war effort in Europe without violating the nation's official position of neutrality.
Pearl Harbor - a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service upon the United States against the naval base at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii.
War Powers Act - a federal law intended to check the U.S. president's power to commit the United States to an armed conflict without the consent of the U.S. Congress.
D-Day - The Normandy landings were the landing operations and associated airborne operations on Tuesday, 6 June 1944 of the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during World War II.
Manhattan Project - a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons.
Charles A. Lindberg - Charles Lindbergh is known as the first aviator to complete a solo transatlantic flight, which he did in his plane, Spirit of St. Louis.
Winston Churchill - Winston Churchill was an inspirational statesman, writer, orator and leader who led Britain to victory in the Second World War. He served as Conservative Prime Minister twice - from 1940 to 1945 (before being defeated in the 1945 general election by the Labour leader Clement Attlee) and from 1951 to 1955
Harry S. Truman - Truman became the 33rd president of the United States upon the death of Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1945. He led the country through the final stages of World War II and the tense early years of the Cold War.
Yalta Conference - The Yalta Conference was the World War II meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union to discuss the postwar reorganization of Germany and Europe
Joseph Stalin - Joseph Stalin was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet politician who ruled the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953. During his years in power, he served as both General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union.
Potsdam Conference - Held near Berlin, the Potsdam Conference (July 17-August 2, 1945) was the last of the World War II meetings held by the “Big Three” heads of state. The leaders arrived at various agreements on the German economy, punishment for war criminals, land boundaries and reparations.
Marshall Plan - The Marshall Plan was an American initiative passed in 1948 for foreign aid to Western Europe. The United States transferred over $12 billion in economic recovery programs to Western European economies after the end of World War II.
NATO - NATO's essential and enduring purpose is to safeguard the freedom and security of all its members by political and military means. Collective defence is at the heart of the Alliance and creates a spirit of solidarity and cohesion among its members.
Warsaw Pact - was a collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland between the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc socialist republics of Central and Eastern Europe in May.
NSC-68 - United States Objectives and Programs for National Security, better known as NSC 68, was a 66-page top secret National Security Council policy paper drafted by the Department of State and Department of Defense and presented to President Harry S. Truman on 7 April 1950
Joseph Mcarthy -Joseph Raymond McCarthy was an American politician and attorney who served as a Republican U.S. Senator from the state of Wisconsin from 1947 until his death in 1957
Bay of Pigs - The Bay of Pigs Invasion was a failed landing operation on the southwestern coast of Cuba in 1961 by Cuban exiles who opposed Fidel Castro's Cuban Revolution.
Cuabn Missile Crisis - a 1 month, 4 days (16 October – 20 November 1962) confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union which escalated into an international crisis when American deployments of missiles in Italy and Turkey were matched by Soviet deployments of similar ballistic missiles in Cuba.
Peace Corps - a civilian organization, sponsored by the U.S. government, that sends volunteers to instruct citizens of underdeveloped countries in the execution of industrial, agricultural, educational, and health programs.
American Expansionism and Expansionist Ideas
American Exceptionalism - The thought of America being “different” from other nations in terms of ideologies and ways of living,.
Alfred Thayer Mahan - US naval commander who used his experience and supreme war-time tactics to take control of the pacific. (1840-1914)
“Remember The Maine” - In 1898, the USS Maine was sunk in Havana by another Spanish ship. This sparked outrage and the phrase “Remeber The Maine” was used to add fuel to the fire
Teller Amendment - Passed in 1898, the Teller Amendment had the US withdraw all troops from Cuba and recognize it as a sovereign state.
Platt Amendment - Introduced to congress in 1901, this amendment limited Cuba’s right to make treaties and form foreign relations with other nations. It also outlined America’s role for cuba.
Red Scare - A Red Scare is the promotion of a widespread fear of a potential rise of communism or anarchism by a society or state. The term is most often used to refer to two periods in the history of the United States which are referred to by this name.
Insular Cases - Court cases in 1901 over how much power the US has over it’s newly founded lands taken from Spain after the war. They ended with the Philippines and Puerto Rico not being recognized as countries with American citizens.
Open Door - In the early 19th century, the “open door” policy related to foreign affairs with the pacific.
Sedition Act - Sedition Act of 1918 (1918) The Sedition Act of 1918 curtailed the free speech rights of U.S. citizens during time of war. Passed on May 16, 1918, as an amendment to Title I of the Espionage Act of 1917, the act provided for further and expanded limitations on speech.
Panama Canal- The Panama Canal is an artificial 82 km waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean. The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a conduit for maritime trade.
Roosevelt Corollary - The Roosevelt Corollary was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine articulated by President Theodore Roosevelt in his State of the Union address in 1904 after the Venezuela Crisis of 1902–1903.
A. Mitchell Palmer - Alexander Mitchell Palmer, was United States Attorney General from 1919 to 1921. He is best known for overseeing the Palmer Raids during the Red Scare of 1919–20. He became a member of the Democratic Party and won election to the United States House of Representatives, serving from 1909 to 1915.
Palmer Raids - The Palmer Raids were a series of raids conducted in November 1919 and January 1920 during the First Red Scare by the United States Department of Justice under the administration of President Woodrow
Smoot-Hawley Tariff - A law that implemented protectionist trade policies in the United States.
Atlamtic Charter - a statement issued on 14 August 1941 that set out American and British goals for the world after the end of World War II.
George Kennan and Containment - Containment, associated with the American diplomat George F. Kennan, was the central post-war concept of the US and its allies in dealing with the Soviet Union.
Truman Doctrine - The Truman Doctrine was an American foreign policy with the primary goal of containing Soviet geopolitical expansion during the Cold War.
Second Red Scare - is the practice of making accusations of subversion or treason, especially when related to communism, without any proper regard for evidence.
House Un-American Activities Committee -The House Committee on Un-American Activities, popularly dubbed the House Un-American Activities Committee, and from 1969 onwards known as the House Committee on Internal Security, was an investigative committee of the United States House of Representatives.
“New Look” - defense policy of the Eisenhower administration of the 1950's was to threaten "this" with nuclear weapons in response to any act of aggression by a potential enemy.
Domino Theory - the theory that a political event in one country will cause similar events in neighboring countries, like a falling domino causing an entire row of upended dominoes to fall.
Increased Federal Involvement.
Pendleton Act - Signed in to law in 1883, this law made it illegal to hire, fire, demote, or promote employees for political reasons.
Newlands Reclamation Act - Signed in to law in 1902, this act gave the Federal government power “tamper” with lands to make them arable once again
Recall - Gave voters the power to remove elected officials from office
Referendum - Gave voters the power to “disapprove” a law from their legislature.
New Nationalism - Concept publicized by Theodore Roosevelt in 1910, new nationalism called for a more active role from the federal government.
Federal Reserve Act - signed in to law in 1913, the federal reserve act made the federal reserve the centralized banking system in the US.
Theodore Roosevelt - Former US repuiblican president for 1901-1908, Theodore Roosevelt is known for his dramatic shift from conservitude to progressivism throughout his presidency. (1858-1919)
Bonus Army - A group of 43,000 demonstrators-made up of 17,000 U.S. World War I veterans, together with their families and affiliated groups - who gathered in Washington, D.C. in mid-1932 to demand early cash redemption of their service certificates.
Hundred Days - Termed coined by Franklin D. Roosevelt, the first hundred days of a president’s time in office should be their most interactive and steady change should be occurring.
New Deal and Alphabet Agencies -
New Deal and Alphabet Agencies - U.S. federal government agencies created as part of the New Deal of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Created to combat the Great Depression in the United States and were established during Roosevelt’s first 100 days in office in 1933.
Agricultural Adjustment Act - A federal law passed in 1933 as part of U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal. The law offered farmers subsidies in exchange for limiting their production of certain crops.
National Recovery Administration - A prime agency created by Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933 to eliminate “cut throat competition” by bringing industry, labor, and government together to create codes of “fair practices” and set prices.
Securities and Exchange Commission - a large independent agency of the United States federal government that was created following the stock market crash in the 1920s to protect investors and the national banking system.
Federal Housing Administration - A United States government agency founded by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, created in part by the National Housing Act of 1934.
Wagner Act - A foundation statue of United States labor law that guarantees the right of private sector employees to organize into trade unions, engage in collective bargaining, and take collective action such as strikes.
Dust Bowl - A period of severe dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the American and Canadian prairies during the 1930s.
Eleanor Roosevelt - American political figure, diplomat and activist.
Social Reform
Talented Tenth - publicized by WEB Dubois in 1903, the “talented tenth” is a concept that urged for higher education to develop the leadership capacity among the able African Americans.
William Jennings Byran - Democratic Politician and former secretary of state who supported the “free silver” movement. (1860-1925)
Great Migration - The Great Migration, sometimes known as the Great Northward Migration or the Black Migration, was the movement of 6 million African Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest and West that occurred between 1916 and 1970
Sacco and Venzetti - Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were Italian immigrant anarchists found guilty of first-degree murder and were convicted of murdering a guard and a paymaster during the April 15, 1920, armed robbery of the Slater and Morrill Shoe Company in Braintree, Massachusetts, United States.
Teapot Dome - The Teapot Dome scandal was a bribery scandal involving the administration of United States President Warren G. Harding from 1921 to 1923.
Dollar diplomacy - Dollar diplomacy of the United States—particularly during President William Howard Taft's presidential term—was a form of American foreign policy to minimize the use or threat of military force.
Prohibition - nationwide constitutional ban on the production, importation, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages from the 1920 to 1933.
Scopes Trial - Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes and commonly referred to as the Scopes Monkey Trial, was an American legal case in July 1925 in which a high school, John T. Scopes was accused of violating Tennessee’s Butler Act, which made it unlawful to teach human evolution in any state funded school.
Henry Ford - American industrialist and business magnate, founder of the Ford Motor Company, and chief developer of the assembly line technique of mass production.
National Origins Act - Also known as the Immigration Act of 1924 made the quotas stricter and permanent.
Harlem Renaissance - intellectual and cultural revival of African American music, dance, art, fashion, literature, theater and politics centered in Harlem, Manhattan, New York City, spanning the 1920s and 1930s.
Lost Generation - social generational cohort that came of age during World War I.
Zora Neil Hurston - American Author, anthropologist, and filmmaker. She portrayed racial struggles in the early- 1900s American South and published research on hoodoo.
Flapper - A fashionable young woman intent on enjoying herself and flouting conventional standards of behavior in the 1920s.
Charles Coughlin - Canadian-American Roman Catholic priest who was based in the United States near Detroit.
Huey Long - American politician who served as the 40th governor of Louisiana from 1928 to 1932 and as a member of the United States Senate from 1932 until his assassination in 1935.
Executive order 8802 - banning discriminatory employment practices by Federal agencies and all unions and companies engaged in war-related work.
Executive Order 9066 - this order authorized the evacuation of all persons deemed a threat to national security from the West Coast to relocation centers further inland.