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Ch.25, Ivan's Questions, Circular Loans - Coggle Diagram

- - - - negotiated seperate peace treaties with the Central Powers
      - through seperate treaties they belived they would gain the advantages of the Versailles Treaty without the responsibilities
        
        Wanted to find something to replace the league of nations
      - Washington Conference of 1921
        
        an attempt to end a naval armaments race between the U.S., Britain, and Japan
        
        Hughes proposed a plan reducing fleets, a moratorium of large warships for a decade, and scrapping existing shipping
        
        resulted in the Five-Power Pact
        
        for every 5 tons of of warships the U.S and Britain had, Japan had 3, and France+Italy had 1.75
        
        allowed for Japanese dominance in East Asia, due to Britain and the US spreading their fleets across the world when Japan only cared about the Pacific
        
        Nine-Power Pact
        
        continuation of Open Door Policy in China
        
        Four-Power Pact
        
        a promise to respect US, British, Japanese, and French Pacific territories and cooperation
      - Frank Kellogg (SoSt)
        
        proposed a multi-lateral treaty outlawing war as an instrument of national policy
        
        Kellogg-Briand Pact
        
        strictly enforced by world opinion
      - focused on uninterupted expansion of American trade
  - - - Worisome due to the American economy depending on European prosperity.
      - Circular Loans (Charles G. Dawes)
        
        the offering of loans to Germany to meet reperation payments, Britain and France reduced the amount in return
        
        won a nobel peace prize
  - - - recognition of any sitting government without questioning the means through which it was obtained
  - - - aka the Nazis
      - overthrew the Weimar Republic
      - Led by Adolf Hitler
        
        belief in the racial superiority of the Aryan race
        
        wanted to provide Lebensraum for the "master race"
        
        Anti-semitism
        
        militarism
  - - - Chinese territory with Japanese economic control
      - Japan launched a major invasion of northern Manchuria
        
        failure of U.S. diplomacy allowed for Japan to further attack China
  - - - repudiated orthodox views and rejection of any currency stabalization
    - - forbade banks from making loans to any nation
    - - the lowering of tariffs by up to 50% in return for similar reductions by other nations
    - - The Good Neighbor Policy
        
        "No state has the right to intervene in the internal or external affairs of another"
        
        new reliance on economic pressure to influence Latin American countries.
- - - - to prevent revolutions
      - helped increase American access to Latin American resources
    - - made it difficult to pay loans due to tarriffs.
        
        increase in hatred towards "Yankee Imperialism"