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Liver Disease In Horses - Coggle Diagram
Liver Disease In Horses
CS
nonspecific
anorexia
weight loss
depression
+/- fever
hepatic encephalopathy
icterus
less common
photosensitization
diarrhea
bleeding
ascites
ventral edema
causes
toxic
pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicosis
alsike clover
photosensitivity
"big liver disease"
extended exposure
proliferation of bile ducts
perilobular fibrosis
panicum grasses
mycotoxins
infectious
cholangiohepatitis
Tyzzer's Disease
acute fatality
foals (7-42d)
early spring
caused by
Clostridium piliforme
shed in feces of healthy adults
survive in soil 1+y
fecal-oral transmission
CS
sudden death
refusing to suckle
recumbency
fever
icterus
petechia
diarrhea
seizures
coma
difficult to treat
inflammatory
chronic active hepatitis
affects periportal regions
exfoliative dermatitis of coronary band
diagnosis
leukocytois
hyperproteinemia
when febrile
hyperbilirubinemia
US
biopsy
periportal inflammation
neutrophilic
lmphocytic
treatment
NSAID
abx
corticosteroids
neoplasia
granulomatous
metabolic
hepatic lipidosis
predisposition
ponies
mini-horses
donkeys
obesity
fatty acid moilization to the liver
aute liver CS
hyperlipidemia
hyperammoninemia
obstructive
biliary stones
i.e. choleoliths, cholethiasis
may be visible on US
poor prognosis
surgical treatment helps
potential infectious cause
R dorsal colon displacements
papillary strictures
neoplasia
hepatic torsion
portal vein thrombosis
congenital
portosystemic shunt
biliary atresia
GBED
hyperammonemia of Morgans
other
Theiler's
acute hepatic necrosis
"serum sickness"
many cases occur 4-10w after equine biologics administration
tetanus antitoxin
plasma
virus?
rapid progression
all liver enzymes markedly elevated
dark urine
diagnosis
US
swollen round liver
biopsy
centirlobular-to-midzonal hepatocellular necrosis
hemorrhage
treatment is supportive care
secondary to neonatal isoerythrolysis
diagnosis
CBC/chem
:arrow_up:
SDH
indicators of hepatocellular necrosis
GGT
indicates cholestasis
AST
ALP
LDH
:arrow_up:
PCV
WBC
:arrow_down:
glucose
BUN
albumin
liver fxn tests
::arrow_up:
bilirubin
ammonia
PT/PTT
bile acids
triglycerides
US
liver biopsy
extent and severity of suspected disease
bacterial culture
therapy
supportive
stimulate appetite
diet
decrease protein
increase carbs
vitmains
B
E
polyionic fluids
dextrose
NSAIDs
buying time for liver regeneration
avoid hepatically metabolized drugs
abx w/ gram- coverage
pentoxifylline, colchicine
reduce fibrosis
prognosis
guarded
hepatoencephalopathy
IV hemolysis
extensive fibrosis
response to treatment useful