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natural science, plasms, biological molecules, cell biology - Coggle…
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biological molecules
protein
protein structure
quaternary
two or more polypeptide chains in tertiary form combined to form complexes joined by bonds similar to those in tertiary structure
Tertiary
the folding on the alpha helix to form very specific 3D shapes, maintained by bonds
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secondary: alpha helix
most common secondary form, formed by hydrogen bonding between the peptide bonds in the polypeptide chain
primary
the type, number and sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain, linked by peptide bonds only
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Proteins are made of C, H and O in addition to Nitrogen.
Some can also contain sulphur and phosphorus, but always look out for the nitrogen.
lipids
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monomer is called a glycerol -- when condensation reaction occurs, ester bonds are formed to form glycerides e.g. triglycerides (3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol)
used for water proofing, insulation and protection
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made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen plus phosphorus as phosphate in phospholipids (not in set ratio(
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Carbohydrates
living organisms need carbohydrates - to act as a source of energy e.g. sugars, starch, glycogen - to play a structural role in plant cell walls e.g. cellulose
Glucose
isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula as each other, but with the atoms connected in a different way
β glucose
α glucose
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cell biology
eukaryotic cells
a type of cell that have a true nucleus, DNA in nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. (bigger and more complex) e.g. plant, animal cells, fungi, protists
organelles
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mitochondria
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function
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higher concentrations in metabolically active cells e.g. muscle, liver, sperm
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cell membrane
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function
selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and regulates the movement of substances in and out of cells
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ribosomes
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function
site of protein synthesis (the process in which cells make proteins) which acts as an assembly line to use mRNA to assemble proteins
prokaryotic cells
A type of cell that does not have a true nucleus, membrane-bound organelles and free DNA. (simpler and older) e.g. Bacteria, algae