Finance
By country
Japan
Saving Accounts
IDeCo
NISA
Securities Platforms
SBI Securities (SBI証券)
Rakuten Securities (楽天証券)
au Kabucom Securities (auカブコム証券)
Matsui Securities (松井証券)
Monex Securities (マネックス証券)
Okasan Online Securities (岡三オンライン証券)
GMO Click Securities (GMOクリック証券)
Quick to set up
Up to 3 months (employer needs to fill forms)
Advices
Rich Dad, Poor Dad
Beware of
greed
fear
Start investing as early as possible
Work for what you learn, not what you earn
Learn to take risks
laziness
arrogance
Beware of liabilities disguised as assets (e.g. buying main property and preventing any other investment)
A massive expense taken away from your income every month is a tell-tale sign of a liability
Profession pays the bills. Your business is what will make you wealthy.
The Intelligent Investor
Use thorough analysis.
Focus on pricing. Buy only stock when its price is below its intrinsic value, i.e., its value as it relates to a company's propensity for growth.
Analyse the long-term development and business principles of the companies in which you're considering investing before buying any stock.
Protect yourself against serious losses by diversifying your investments.
Understand that you will not pull in extraordinary profits, but safe and steady revenues.
The first thing you should do before you invest isn't to look at a stock's history. That's important, sure, but what's more important is looking at the history of the stock market itself.
Then, look, for example, at the correlation between stock price and the company's earnings and dividends over the past ten years. Then consider the inflation rate, in order to see how much you'd really earn, all things considered.
Defensive investor's strategy: Safety is main focus. Invest in both high-grade bonds (e.g. AAA government debt securities) and common stocks. 50-50 or 75-25. For common stocks, invest in ~10 diverse, big, well-known companies with long histories of success.
Use "formula investing", a.k.a. "dollar-cost averaging". E.g.: always invest the same amount every month. Readjust your portfolio every 6 months.
Enterprising investor's strategy: more common stocks than the defensive investor's strategy. Take higher risks. But no matter how exciting or promising an investment opportunity seems, limit high risk stocks to a max. of 10% of your overall portfolio.
Never buy a stock immediately after a substantial rise or sell one after a substantial drop.
Set up automated contributions to tsumitate, with e.g. Rakuten US Stock Index Fund (VTI)
Resources
Properties
Rental
Yields ~7%
15% rental income tax if no longer resident
3.4% ~ 5.88% rental income tax if resident
1.7% yearly tax
1.4% property tax
0.3% city planning tax
Market Finance
Goals
Efficiently allocate resources across
space
time
Behavioural Finance
Risks
Value at Risk
1% one-year VaR of $10m = 1% chance that a portfolio will lose $10m in a year
units of $ for a given probability and time horizon
Stress Tests
Tests required by regulators (e.g. Dodd Frank) to understand what would happen to a company should markets crash, $ dollar, liquidity decrease and it was suddenly impossible to borrow money, etc.
Stock Markets
S&P 500
Often used as a benchmark for returns
Companies
Culture
CAPM
Beta
measure of the correlation with a stock market
the regression slope coefficient when the return on the ith asset is regressed on the return of the market
Market Risk v.s. Idiosyncratic Risk
Variance of the return on a stack is its beta squared, times the variance of the market return (systematic risk), plus the variance of the residual in the regression (idiosyncratic risk)
Returns
Probability distributions
NOT normal distribution
Cauchy distribution (fat-tailed)
Central Limit Theorem
fails with fat-tailed distributions
fails if events aren't independent
Goals
Low covariance between assets in your portfolio
βi=COV(ri,rmarket)Var(rmarket)
Insurance
Risk pooling
If n policies, each has independent probability p of a claim,
then the number of claims follows the binomial distribution.
The standard deviation of the faction of policies that result in a claim is: \( \sqrt{p.(1 - p)/n} \)
Law of large numbers: as n gets large, standard deviation approaches zero.
Who?
Harry Markowitz
Micro- v.s. Macro-credential regulation
Macro-credential regulations try to mitigate systemic risks