Recall important locations

Two circus elephants that had briefly performed together rejoiced when crossing paths 23 years later

Elephants have also recognized humans they've bonded with after decades apart

EQ similar to chimpanzees

Strongly associated with emotion, important experiences → long-term memories

Tackle problems cooperatively, outwitting researchers & manipulating partners

Impressive encephalization quotient (size of the brain relative to what we'd expect for its body size)

Largest brain of land mammal

Remarkably similar to the human brain (due to convergent evolution)

Survived drought in youth → recognize warning signs in adulthood

Elephant memory = beyond rote memorization

One of the few non-human animals to suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Grasped basic arithmetic, keeping track of the relative amounts of fruit in two baskets after multiple changes

Enables problem solving

Body signals, vocalizations, infrasound rumbles heard from a distance

Have own language & grammar

Create art by carefully choosing & combining diff. colors & elements

Recognize twelve distinct tones of music & recreate melodies (elephant band)

Know every member in herd, able to recognize 30 companions by sight / smell (help when migrating / encountering potentially hostile elephants)