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Toxins: Acute Liver Disease in Dogs :dog: - Coggle Diagram
Toxins: Acute Liver Disease in Dogs :dog:
xylitol
5 carbon sugar alcohol
rapid absorption
peak [plasma] in 30 min!
80% metabolized in liver
ATP depletion
hepatic necrosis
reactive O species generated
dose related
<100mg usually mild
acute injury/failure is rare (>500mg)
pathopneumonic signs
hypoglycemia
fast onset
fast resolution
seizures
non-responsiveness
hypophosphatemia
cycad/sago palms :palm_tree:
prognosis
9d median reovery
mortality 30-50%
grave if liver failure
contain cycasin toxin
metabolized in intestine
active compound methylazoxymethanol (MAM)
as little as 1-2 seeds can be toxic
CS within min to hours
neuro signs, liver failure in 1-2d
pathopneumonic
hypoalbuminemia
severe elevations in AST, ALT
mild ALP elevation
elevated PT/PTT
mushroom :mushroom:
several genera
Amanita
phalloides
is most toxic worldwide
Galerina
Lepiota
Cortinarus
Conocybe
shows up in autumn
CS
GI symptoms 6-24hr
hypoglycemia
liver failure 36-84h
hepatic encepalopathy
renal failure
blue green algae/cyanobacteria
neuro- and hepatotoxic
anatoxin
microcystins
not all blooms
small exposures potentially fatal
pathpneumonic CS
pale mucus membranes
seizures
bloody/tarry stool
hypoalbumenia
onset can vary from 30min to days
must get water source tested
alfatoxin
produced by
Aspergillus flavus
corn
pet grains
leads to...
hepatocellular
steatosis
necrosis
bild duct proliferation
cholestasis
fibrosis
:pig::dog:
pathpneumonic CS
insidious inset
hematochezia/melena/hematemesis
petechiae
edema/ascites
acute death
test suspected feed